Compare china main land economic and Taiwan Research Paper

Compargon china main(prenominal) land economic and Taiwan - Research Paper Examplevenue had risen to $2278 while that of Mainland had remained a paltry $256.This broadening gap between the two economies had started attracting global attention.Taiwan mostly is considered to have embraced trade capitalism whereas chinaware is considered to be a predominantly socialistic country. However twain nations have shown that they do not tag a purely socialistic system or individualistic system. They in actuality pursue a mixture of both kinds to various levels. Despite the fact that Taiwan pursues a system that is capitalistic ,the government still controls the finance and banking system and makes decisions on which industries it should support and protect. Conversely, China began out downstairs besotted socialism but over the long time but has started to change so as to widen both domestic and foreign markets.One of the key bases for the disparities in growth between China and Taiwan was the distinctions in international trade. Thus industries that are high-exporting seem to lead to productivity that is faster than industries that are low-exporting. Firms that are own by the state without any foreign assistance tend to be less productive than the ones that are privatized or joint-ventures having foreign direct investment (FDI). It wasnt just a coincidence therefore that China for the earliest time ever matched Taiwans 8% GDP growth rate that it has had for years after opening up of its foreign markets, allowing the entry of FDI. One of the key stated merits of communism/socialism over capitalism is stability in growth over lengthy periods of time. Taiwan has however under capitalism displayed a more stabilized GDP growth of around 8% over the previous(prenominal) 5 decades while China has exhibited unstable and negative GDP growth rate to a rate where the government of China refused to expose statistics officially anymore (Lijun, 2002).It wasnt until recently when the Chinese government embraced advantages of capitalism that their economy eventually started to grow

Marketing Mix Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

selling Mix - Research Paper Examplethe core crossing, the augmented product and the tertiary product (Ferrell, 2010). sooner a company enters the process of creating a product, it has to answer some questions like what type of product do they want to sell, what would be the quality of their product and also decide whether they will label their product as only new or sub brand.Based on these questions, some decisions have to be made. These product decisions affect all other marketing mix variables e.g. launching a machine of the highest quality twist the price and marketing strategy to be adopted to promote it. Being the determinant of any other marketing variable, a product features can be altered to make it fit in the marketing mix (Ferrell, 2010).This variable is largely dependent on other marketing variables therefore calls for regular review. The observe factors that affect the price of products are advertising expenses, marketing expenses, dispersal cost of the product , cost of creating a product and any damage fluctuation in the market (Dogra, 2007). These factors varies independently thus causing price of a product to bear the brunt of changes for a certain period of time. The change in these other variables calls for reduction or increase in the price of the product accordingly.Other external factors also hugely affect the price strategy to be adopted by a company. Competition vastly determines the pricing strategy to be adopted by a company. Especially if, the two companies products are substitutes, then a company has to invest prices that are appropriate to the so as to avoid losing the market advantage to the competitors. Some companies choose to accustom pricing as a slam to position their product. Others use pricing as a tool to support sales promotions. They give their esteemed customers sales promotions inform of trade discount (Dogra, 2007).This usually refers to the distribution channels a company uses to make its product to the ma rket. A consumer based

Summary of Thirteen Days by Robert Kennedy Essay

Summary of Thirteen Days by Robert Kennedy - sample ExampleThe Soviet Union was putting her nuclear missiles on the grounds of Cuba ready to strike the linked States. Given the magnitude of the threat, President John F. Kennedy had no choice but to make a critical conclusion on the issue to avoid the eminent danger that United States was in. Making a decision on such a grave matter was not easy. The president had to understand the consequences that that awaited whatever of his actions and the impact they would have not only on the United States, but as well on the undefiled world. He on that pointfore had to rely on the Committee of National Security Council for advice. The members of this mission were to argue, discuss, and even altercate to eventually advice his on the best course of action to take concerning the crisis. Many a member of the committee rooted for the deployment of military to destroy the Soviet Union missiles in Cuba. Robert Kennedy, then the attorney gener al, was of the idea that the dark blue should be deployed around the Cuban island to block any offensive that the Soviet Union might go for against America. ... They perused through past similar crisis and their resolutions and the mistakes committed and how they could avoid repeating such mistakes. They did their best to understand the smirch before any decision could be made by President Kennedy. They knew any decision interpreted would have a huge effect on humanity. Robert Kennedy vividly explains how decisions were arrived at during these momentous times and how those interpreted by the President himself and his advisors. It gives detailed information on the efforts of both Robert Kennedy and John Kennedy towards ensuring that any decision taken centered on diplomacy and law. This approach was done at the United Nations. 13 days also highlights how Robert Kennedy was powerful in the John F. Kennedy government and how he used his power to exert influence on other advisers of President Kennedy. In the sustain, there are correspondences between President Kennedy and the Soviet Union loss leader Nikita Krushnev and the speeches that President Kennedy gave concerning the Cuba nuclear crisis as well as photos of nuclear weapons that the Soviet Union had already brought to Cuba. The book of account further reveal that even the Soviet Union wanted a peaceful end to the Cuban crisis since they realized they too had families that would suffer because of employment of nuclear weapons between the two super powers. Any overzealous lover of John F. Kennedys president would find this book captivating and inspiring to some sieve as it gives the reader a rare opportunity to read and understand the mind of President Kennedy. The book outlines the historical lessons learnt from the crisis and how they can be avoided in the future, so as under no circumstances should there be any disregard for

Robert M. Adams, Moral arguments for Theistic Belief Essay

Robert M. Adams, Moral arguments for Theistic Belief - Essay ExampleAdams begins with what he thinks is one of the most apparent, though perhaps not the most fashionable, arguments about the farm the Argument on the Nature of Wrong and Right. He deems that people believe quite firmly that particular things are morally right while others endure morally wrong (for instance, that it not right to torture a person to death only for fun). He goes ahead to raise questions on the nature of what is in these moral beliefs what does the wrongness or rightness of an dissemble comprise in? He believe that the most satisfactory answer is given by a theory that involves the existence of graven image especially, by a theory that moral wrongness and rightness populate in disagreement and agreement, respectively, with the commands or will of the loving immortal. The most generally conventional reasons for believing in existence of anything are what its existence is inferred by the theory that ap pears to account most satisfactorily for some outlet matter. He contemplates that his metaethical views provide him with a reason of a substantial weight for believing in God existence.Adams thinks that there is no need of discussing to what extent the advantages of divine command theory may be controlled by theological metaethical theories, for instance, by views according to what moral principles do not rely on the will of God for their cogency, but on his consideration for their ontological positions. Such theories, if someone is inclined to take them, can of path get the basis of theism argument. He thinks it is very important to discuss, and at greater depth than the advantages, the alleged disadvantages of aery command metaethics. Advantages may be easily acknowledged, but the disadvantages are normally thought to be decisive. He argues that, they these disadvantages are not decisive. There he takes the reader through three major objections that are particularly significant for the present argument as

The Main Principles Of Learning And The Action Theory Essay

The Main Principles Of Learning And The Action Theory - Essay ExamplePrinciples of learning be derived from the following learning theories action, cognitive-gestalt, experiential, facilitation, holistic, reinforcement, sensory stimulation learning theory. In this respect, we sh wholly analyze them according to the theories they are close to tightly interwoven with. The main principles of learning based on the action theory state that no effective learning can be presented without proper action-application experience. In most cases small action learning sets** are created in order to give the learners an opportunity of applying their knowledge on practice, making mistakes and learn from them without having to deal with unwelcome consequences of their decisions. Cognitive-gestalt learning is based on insights and problem-solving. However, unlike the first theory, it puts stress on the learners undivided ways of interpreting problem situations.Experiential theory speaks of a four- stage movement of learning material (concrete experience, energetic experimentation, abstract conceptualization, observation, and reflection). A great benefit of this theory is that despite all of the stages are being necessary, an psyche can choose (consciously or subconsciously) the most suitable one to contribute more efforts to it. Besides, stages can be repeated one by one as many times as it takes to exclude all of the mistakes.Principles of learning utilize in a facilitation theory are based on the acknowledgment of the occurrence that a human being is naturally eager to learn and perfect oneself. Thus, here learning process includes polemics with a teacher in an attempt to find as many answers as possible and, what is more important, to research a topic instead of simply remembering the facts given. Such an approach is commonly used in humanitarian education.

The life and affect of St.Thomas Aquinas Research Paper

The life and affect of St.doubting Thomas Aquinas - Research Paper Example virtually claim that the family acquired the name Aquinas from the small Italian town they lived in. perfection Thomas was an exceptional and wonderful man, who rose above all human challenges to become what he became. The writings and teachings of apotheosis Thomas were and leave al atomic number 53 be of great impact to humankind. Though he lacked much appreciation, Thomas came to recognition roughly tercet hundred years ago, when they realized that he was the greatest and most influential catholic teachers of all cartridge holder (Anonymous). nonesuch Thomas was so influential that despite his existence many centuries ago, some of his hand pen work exist to date and are available in libraries. As such, this paper will brook a description of the life and affect of St. Thomas Aquinas otherwise referred to as a biography. earlier life His father was Landulph Aquinas the count of Aquino and his mother Theodore the countess of teano. The Italian family of Aquino was linked to several royals of Europe worry Fredrick II and Henry VI. Despite being related to the royals, the Aquino family was poor and lacked all the glory that royalty brings along. nonesuch Thomas had eight siblings and the family youngest youngster, and the sixth son of the Aquino. Saint Thomas was of light complexion, big bodied and grandiose physique. Like any other human being, Thomas had a thunderstorm phobia or in other words great fear of thunderstorms. This transpired after Thomas witnessed lightning killing his little sister one night and this experience lived with him forever (Schmitz 12). Thomas had a normal life as a child though it halted when he was taken to Monte Casino when he was only nine years old. information Saint Thomas Aquino left of the abbey of Monte Casino to enroll in religious education when he was only nine years of age. This was the norm or tradition of those early days. Saint Thom as stayed at the abbey until he was 13 years old, the time he left for Naples University to further his religious education. He excelled enormously and it is in the university where he explored both the natural and metaphysical work of Aristotle. At the age of nineteen years, Saint Thomas secretly joined the Dominican monks, who were enlisting young scholars at the time. In 1244, young Saint Thomas was ordained and a huge crowd of people attended the big ceremonial even upt. The practised news spread everywhere like bush fire and eventually the family of Saint Thomas leant to the highest degree the event (McInerny and OCallaghan). They were very annoyed and thus when they strategized to bring him home despite the familys state of poverty. They well-tried all possible means of retrieving their son from the clutches of the Dominicans and even went further to consulting the pope to no avail. As the family was inventing other strategies to kidnap him, Saint Thomas left for Rome at a very curtly notice and the family was shocked. However, despite his relocation to Rome, his brothers who were in the imperial army captured him. His brothers took him to a family castle and imprisoned him for close two years. The family of Saint Thomas then grasped the chance to discourage and dissuade him from resuming to the Dominican institution. His brother even went ahead and brought him a prostitute into the prison so as to tempt him, but Saint Thomas drove her away holding on in his faith. While still in prison Saint Thomas did not stop studying and learning in his own. His

Is Gene Therapy Permissable Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Is Gene Therapy Permissable - Essay ExampleThe procedure of cistron therapy involves replacement of a defective constituent with an accurate one or thump a mutated constituent that has lost its activity by establishing a novel agent to eradicate an anomaly. Besides promises that the therapy bestows, the process presents many possibilities of unavoidable hazards which need to be well thought-out before the therapy is decl atomic number 18d safe and effective. The inserted gene does not lean inside the cell on its own, instead a vector is required to transport a gene, these vectors are modified viruses for instance retrovirus which is capable of binding with the chromosome in human cell, on the other hand adenovirus totally release DNA into the nucleus of cell. The process of injection is either performed intravenously into a definite interweave or patients cells are removed and insertion in performed under laboratory conditions, then the cells are inserted stomach into the ho st to rectify the protein function. In these cases, the question that keeps pondering is how far we are benefitted? Are we getting the desire results? Medically, it is evident that the results procured may possibly be devastating as the gene inserted could alter the physiological functions or controls the actions of other gene(s) as well, where the motive of gene therapy is to relieve suffering the process may end up into a challenging disaster Genetic therapy could be the first line of help to those who are confront premature death but the process of genetic enhancement then paves the way for human self-serving motifs that results in genetic hazard making the process of gene therapy ethically precarious. There is a rattling thin line of demarcation between treatment and enhancement, what is considered to be the disease in one union could not be considered an anomaly in other, for instance colour blindness is considered as a backbreaking issue in Africa where as it is not cons idered to be a serious issue in USA. thusly the social bias and outlook becomes imperative in judgement. It is essential to understand that gene therapy could direct to such a social network where society is going to be entirely homogeneous, where people possess selfsame(prenominal) aspirations and longing with similar values and any divergence from this is believed to be a disease (Murphy, 1994) The predicament of gene therapy illustrates that gene therapy is capable of repairing any defect on somatic cells encompassing muscles or brain tissues. It is a serious ethical quandary to exploit gene therapy further than health. The process engage genetic enhancements in terms of greater intelligence, sharper memories, disease free physiology (Sandel). It is wrong to take drugs and play, it is unethical to determine the charge of the child before birth, it is unethical to copy and write in an examination, it is unethical to use calculators where it is prohibited to use, it is unethic al to drive at a speed which is not permissible, it is unethical to kill someone, it is unethical to commit an abuse, it is unethical to do robbery All these and many more are the issues that pose a tag of be unethical if an individual commits any one of these as it is against the set social norms, but, what one should say if gene therapy is demanding to make things better through genetic manipulations Is it ethical to manipulate the future generation as per the necessitate of parents? Does the future progeny possess no right to have his own autonomy in the sense of

Management Information System in Hewlett Packard Essay

Management Information System in Hewlett Packard - study ExampleProject management is an extremely important aspect in the implementation of management training system. In the given case, there were a number of mistakes committed in the planning phase of the holy project management. Project management plays a vital role as can be detect from the statistics which shows that throughout the year of 2010 investment in information technology project on a world(a) basis will be over $ 1 trillion, of which hand outure of the majority of these projects (around 70%) will be due to implementing errors in proper project management. This results in damage to brand name as hearty lower morale, loss of goodwill, loss of investment prospects, and termination of partnerships. The planning aspect let down the ideal project given in the case. The project was prepared as a combined effort in the midst of the existing SAP program of Compaq and Hewlett Packards enterprise resource network. Projec t management is comprised of three constraints manage time, cost, and scope. The quality of the entire project depends upon these three aspects. In general information technology related projects fail or fall behind the required schedule due to reasons like poor planning in project management, change of business-related goals at some stage in the project schedule, deficiency in tide over from management, lack of resources, lack of collaboration from the information technology management, and change in the existing technology during the plosive of the project (Baltzan & Phillips, 2009).

Comic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Comic - Essay Example(2004)Hopefully this paper will meet the objective of demonstrating a growing understanding of what the reading, viewing and interpretation of comics and -more specific to our topic- bande dessine, really means, as well as some of the techniques that are involved in both the creation and appreciation of cardinal francophone comics in particular Lautoroute du Soleil by Baru and Lannee Derniere by Phillip Dupuy.Bande Dessine (BD) or francophone drawn strips -a term preferred by BD authors and scholars as opposed to comic strips, which they sustain would imply limitation of subject-matter to the comical (Wikipedia, 2005)- is also known as the ordinal Art or le neuvime art. Two important, award-winning exponents of the ninth art are Baru (born Herv Barulea, 1947, France) and Phillipe Dupuy (born 1960, France).Baru works by himself, serving as both the writer and artist of his strips and albums (works over 60 pages in length). He began by drawing on his experiences from his teenage years and travels in the 1960s. His debut came in 1982, when he got published in Pilote, but it wasnt until 1995 that his 400+ page album, LAutoroute du Soleil (The Highway of the Sun), considered his breakthrough work, allowed him to gain exposure to larger audiences (Comiclopedia, 2005). In contrast, most from the start of his career, Dupuy has worked as part of the duo known as Berberian-Dupuy ( practically mistaken for a single mortal bearing a sophisticated, hyphenated surname but actually the simple combination of the surnames of Charles Berberian and Phillipe Dupuy). Dupuy had begun his career working for several(prenominal) different BD magazines over a three-year period, but when he met Berberian there was immediate synergy and from then on it has been a partnership, if not made in heaven, at least made for the delight of BD fans around the world.LAutoroute du SoleilThis long album was a result of the experimental work of the Japanese-cartoon, or manga, publishing house, Kodansha, consisting of commissioning certain authors from the Hesperian world to create comics for readers in Japan. It made its debut on the Japanese comics scene as a series of instalments in the weekly magazine entitled Morning, whose target audience was comprised of 20- to 30-year-old males. It is a black and snow-white comic or graphic novel1, vibrant and stark at the same time, that is representative of the beginnings of la nouvelle manga, an ongoing project of some comics authors and publishers to mesh the Japanese manga with the French bande dessine.2 This groundbreaking work reunited the two worlds in a big way, while preserving some of the main traits of Barus work his inclusion of daily-life events, the protagonism of youthful characters, use of the anecdotal, and anti-racism statements (Serrano, 2003) often disguised in metaphor. The drawings are dynamic and the

Midterm exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

midterm exam - Essay ExampleIt is on this account that men will use their positions and wealth to mold vulnerable women to have sex with them, only to abandon them later once they have satisfied their craving regardless of the consequences of their actions, which may include unplanned pregnancies. As such(prenominal), allowing abortion becomes a key element towards shelter poor women from becoming single parents without intent as well as reducing poverty and pass era crime. A child deserves to have a better life i.e. access to quality education, healthcare, good nourishment among other basic necessities such as shelter and clothing. Apparently, a poor mother, who cannot even cause herself, has nought to offer her child and this implies that families built on this sort of foundation eventually has a high hazard of becoming a liability to the society and the government at large. In fact, these are the people who alas end up in the streets begging for assistance as well as cond ucting heinous acts such as prostitution and robbery. In this light, abortion enables one to exercise her right to decide on the outflank time to become a parent, when she has accumulated all the necessary courage and economic stability to sustain herself as well as her offspring (Heary 22). Most of the societies set considerably high moral standards, which remove fornication alongside other irresponsible sexual behaviors such as prostitution and adultery. For example, the church has eer advocated for celibacy as a natural method of solving dilemmas such as HIV/ assist among other sex related issues (Beckwith 108). This has influenced capitally the way the society perceives those unfortunate persons who intentionally or differently find themselves in these predicaments such as pregnancies out of wedlock. These people are discriminated against as they are perceive to be immoral and in that respectfore, a shame to the society and the families which they come from. Some of the s ocieties will even expel them from their affairs for it will be apparent that they are a bad influence and bad examples to their age mates as well as the generation below them. To avoid all this, it would be of great significance to abort the child in order to maintain the level of standards expected by the society, by concealing sexual involvement. Abortion is also a way of controlling high population growth. In this case, it would be necessary to point out that I come from China, a country which is categorized as one with the highest population, of approximately 1.3 billion people, and which is expected to rise to approximately 1.6 billion people by the course 2025 (Beckwith 109). Due to this, the country has set up a one child policy, in order to soggy down the rate of births. However, it has been noticed that there are those who fail to observe this policy, and goes ahead to have much than one child, especially in the rural areas, where analysts indicate that there is the cu lture whereby couples prefer the birth of boys as opposed to girls, mainly due to inheritance issues. In this context, if the first child is a girl, the parents cannot rest there for they will definitely have no heirs to their property and therefore, they have to bear more children until that time when a baby boy is born. It has been noted that such couples usually lie during census so as to protect themselves from facing the

Ethical Code of Conduct Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ethical inscribe of Conduct - Thesis ExampleWays to Implement the Ethical Code of Conduct10Consequences of entrancement of Code of Ethics11Conclusion12References14IntroductionWith the technological innovations and advancements in the some other sectors of the world, health has become one of the primary and significant sources of concern for an individual in the twenty commencement century. This is due to the reason that health enormities be escalating with the globalization that the world is experiencing in the contemporary world. However, with the emergence and discipline of the health cargon organizations, much awareness has come under creation for an individual. These health care organizations are key responsible for diagnosing, and treating the diseases, illness, blur or other physical and psychological harm that a person may encounter during his life. The health care serves as a promoter and upholds the healthiness, fitness, and wellbeing of the entire crowd around the world as its fundamental purpose. Moreover, the key highlighting point of health care commerce is to sustain, improve, and enhance the quality of life on whole of the general population. However, several code of honorable ingest needs to come under implementation for those in governance, management, and captain staff of the health care organizations. ... the ethical code of conduct also provides with the principles or the guidelines that can be set as a animal foot for resolving the ethical dilemmas that can come under occurrence. In other words, ethical codes are the sum of money values that grants the related people with the necessary actions that needs to come under performance in ruler circumstances as well as when a conflict occurs. Value for people, reliability, commitment, devotion, and excellence should be the cornerstone stones while setting up an ethical code of conduct (Pera &Tonder, 2005). One of the health care organizations that go out come under discussion is Acute Care hospital, which is a sub percentage of secondary health care. Here, the professional staff provides the patients with short-term care or support. However, the patients come under treatment for their serious illness, severe injury or during the recovery from surgery (Green, 2009). Facility Background Acute care facility comes under the division of secondary health care where immediate care comes under provision for the patients suffering from trauma, serious injuries or illness, or recovery from surgery. It is a care provided on a short-term basis, where the hospital facilities send the patients to their radical or other medical treatment centers such as rehabilitation center, nursing home and few others when they see stableness in the health conditions of the patients. In addition, the patients come under treatment by the police squad of health care professionals ranging from medical to surgical areas of expertise. Hospitals, emergency departments, dialysis centers, cli nical laboratories, urgent care centers and few long-term-care hospitals and facilities are all types of acute care facilities that come under offering (Green, 2009). Emergency or urgent

Abnormal Psych DQ Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Abnormal Psych DQ Questions - Essay ExampleThe imprint functional levels due to the profound mental retardation makes it difficult to assess for the key characteristics of autism and so symptomatic instruments are interchangeablely to throw up spurious results. This makes diagnosis of autism a challenge and calls for clinical gravel (Brasic, 2006).Autism was initially believed to be associated with higher genial classes, scarcely is now known to afflict all social classes in an equal manner. Motion abnormalities are a striking feature of autism and may provide the way of life for the identification of autism in early infancy, prior to the other manifestations. In boorren the motion anomalies demonstrated are withal highly characteristic and can be easily identified. An example of such an abnormal motion typic to autism is the placing of the hand with fingers outstretched by the child before the eyes, with rapid back and forth movement. This action of the child is considered as self-stimulation, as it produces a visual sensation. Many of such abnormal motions typical to autism appear like attempts to provide sensory input to the self in barren environments (Brasic, 2006).The cause of autism still remains unknown, but there are several hypotheses that include exposure to toxic agents and infections, and possibly vaccinations for diseases like measles, mumps and rubella. The give-and-take of autism is essentially directed towards the associated behavioral problems and so includes intensive behavioral, educational, and psychological components. The use of serotonin in the handling of autism is under investigation. The earlier the diagnosis and use of intervention strategies the more favorable the outcome and so lawful screening of infants and toddlers for signs and symptoms of the disorder is useful (Brasic, 2006).The definition of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) provided by the American Psychiatric sleepers Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition (DSM IV) is that it is a recurrent

The Stoning of Soraya M Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Stoning of Soraya M - Essay ExampleAs of 2010, the lead had averaged over one million dollars in Box Office and received several awards and nomination to awards.The pic depicts a wo gentlemans gentlemans life in Sharia governed Iran. The film is directed by Cyrus Nowrasteh and distributed by Roadside Attraction the book La Femme Lapide has since been banned in Iran. According to the book, La Femme Lapide, Ghorban Ali Sorayas husband wanted to marry a fourteen-year-old girl though he does not want to devote Sorayas dowry nor take the burden of living with two wives. Ali a undependable prison harbor comes up with a scheme to get rid of his wife Soraya M. As the business relationship unfolds, Ali coheres with corrupt settlement authorities and a widower who Soraya is working for at the time. Soon Ali starts spreading rumors about his wifes traitorousness claiming that she has participated in zinah (adultery). Shortly, Ali drags Soraya out of the house and starts beating her u p claiming that she has participated in zinah. The village authorities in brief convene a kangaroo court and Soraya is quickly convicted after the widower corroborates Alis story. Eventually Soraya is stoned to conclusion pursuant to Sharia Law that does not condone adultery. Though Ali is now free to marry the fourteen year old girl, he is unable due to his failure to secure the release of the girls father from prison.... Freidoune Sahebjam tapes the story with the hope that he chamberpot tell it to the whole world. According to Zahras tale, Soraya was unsophisticated and was a victim of treachery and inflexible religious ideals. Ali, a prison guard is a man full of perfidy and is abusive to his wife Soraya. He tries to convince the village Mullah to talk to his wife so that Soraya can grant him divorce. All along, Alis aim is to have Soraya divorce him so that he can marry a younger wife. Ali has gone ahead and made a deal with the girls father who has assured him that if he i s able to save him from execution, he will have his young young womans hand in marriage (Iran on death penalty, 2013). The village Mullah equally as treacherous and corrupt as Ali tries to seek sexual favors from Soraya under the pretence that he will take trade of her and her children. Soon Ali, the village Mullah and the mayor convince Zahra to talk to Soraya so that she can work for a peculiar(a) widower. Soraya agrees to work but for a fee. Using threats and duplicity, Ali and the village Mullah eventually, manage to manipulate the widower into backing their story that Soraya has committed zinah. According to Sharia, the burden of proof that a person has committed zinah is usually hard and alone the widower could have secured it in the case of Soraya (The Koran and adultery, 2006). Soon a rumor is rife that Soraya is unfaithful to Ali and has committed zinah. As the story unfolds, Ali beats up Soraya drugging her through the streets claiming that she is an adulterous woman. Zahra intervenes and asks Ali, the village Mullah, and the towns mayor to convene at her house to discuss this issue in length. The towns mayor and the Mullah eventually convene at

Animal Representation of Dogs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Animal Representation of cut acrosss - Research newspaper ExampleThis paper compares and contrasts three perspectives of dogs as represented in film, literature, and psychiatry. More specifically, the paper examines how the dog is presented as a instructor and father figure, as a helper, as well as, as a gentleman in disguise. The paper provides an evaluation of the rationale behind these representations, as well as, the practical consequences of these representations. The Novel, A Boy, and His Dog tell the story of Vic and Blood, 2 survivors of a war. Vic, the central human character in the film is in is the company of his dog Blood and they work together for their survival (Ellison and Corben 1-128). Together, the two characters search for food, clothes, and ammunition that is to be used for their survival. In the novel, the dog telephone circuit is represented as having telepathic abilities, which in turn, assist the two in their communication with each other. To understand the representation of the dog in the novel, one must overly consider the human character Vic as his character assists in the representation of the dog. Accordingly, Vic is an orphan who understands neither the wideness of ethics, nor the need for morality, and for that reason, he lives to satisfy his immediate needs (Lee 450). Portrayed as a telepathic dog, blood steps in to assist Vic in living a proper disembodied spirit. For that reason, the dog is portrayed as being a teacher and father figure. Blood educates Vic on and his sole purpose in life is identified as being the protection of Vic so as to keep him away from any realizable harm or danger. Additionally, blood is highly intelligent, thus qualifying him for the representation s a teacher and father figure (Sanders 121). To build on his representation as a father figure, Vic is highly rebellious, a character that is common to children. In a way, Blood is represented as having superior characteristics to his human friend .

Leadership Development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Leadership Development - Research Paper ExampleHowever, with the forepart of globalization in the backup environment, increases in available job opportunities in multiple industries, and internal business needs for multi-talented workers to maintain competitive advantages, many organizations had little choice but to break-down autocratic management systems if organizational theater directors desired to gain employee commitment, loyalty and retention.This is the foundation of modern leadership, an evolution from command-and-control management that ultimately became rather useless in the late 20th Century. Leadership is a type of social persuasion which allows a manager to seek support and assistance from employees in the pursuit of attaining positive results with common projects and objectives (Nickels, McHugh & McHugh, 2008 Chamers, 1997). Leadership is an influential idiosyncratic within the organization that creates a mission, coaches others, builds positive social relationsh ips, and ultimately maintaining competency that allows for group organization and team-working. Leadership, as opposed to traditional management practices, is now a fundamental aspect of contemporary human resources systems and the rule by which organizations guarantee higher levels of job satisfaction and intention to stay with the company.However, it should be recognized that non all individuals in the professional environment maintain the skills and competencies to become effective leaders. Therefore, organizations must identify possible strategies and procedures to develop leaders with the aptitude and capability to gain employee followership. To be an effective leader means maturation skills that promote a genuine willingness to follow the direction of leaders within employees, a talent that is multi-faceted and decomposable based on psychological and sociological attributes and behaviors of employees. Furthermore, not all leadership

Austrian School Cost Essay Example for Free

Austrian initiate Cost EssayOur behaviors and decisions in our daily lives atomic number 18 affected by political economy. When making decisions, we leave behind do economic theories either consciously or subconscious to decide if we ordain make or disavow that decision. The same can also be used to explain our actions and behaviors when making an economic decision to procure a stand. This paper impart evaluate how economics affect ones decision to get a peeled house. First, the decision to procure a new house is considered a large and principal(prenominal) decision by many. This is because the prices of houses are usu onlyy very high, and thus purchasing a new house will greatly deplete the savings of an separate. The demand of houses is highly price elastic. Economic theories state that the large the counterpoise of income a certain purchase requires, the more price elastic the demand will be. In the case of the purchase of a new house, it will require the spend ing of a large proportion of an average persons income, hence this will greatly lower the purchasing power of the individual when the decision is made to purchase the house.Furthermore, buying a new house will require mickle to shift from a familiar environment to a less familiar environment and this can be a life-changing experience which may be scary to some. Hence, these are all factors which make the purchase of a new house a very difficult decision to make. There are various principles of economics that can be applied to a decision to purchase a new house. First, one of the principles will be that of trade-offs which people have to expression. Every decision comes at a cost.In this case, the decision to purchase a new house will deplete people of a large proportion of their savings. The tradeoffs which they face will be alternatives which they get to enjoy with the same amount of money. For example, the same amount of money worn out(p) on a new house can be used on sending a child to university, going on a long holiday or purchasing a new vehicle. I have to remember even though the APRs may be low and I have my down payment or even if I am using HUD as a first time buyer to eliminate closing cost or no fees at all there may still be one depending on my situation.Purchasing a new internal is a big step not only the financial part of if but also the orbital cavity I chose and the economy at this point and time. I must think ahead to how the economy will be now and later, as well as the housing area I chose. Will the area be a good choice for my kids, and will my house be a smart investiture in terms of efficiency and equity? I need to determine if a turning point will place my decision in purchasing a base of operations the wrong time to buy.A recession could cause job lose and no income to pay my mortgage or even placing me in default to take out a loan on my home. Taking a loan on my home to make ends meet would cause me to pay double for my hom e and never actually own it. Tradeoffs are important when purchasing a new home because you have to be willing to give up miscellaneous items to get where u want to be, extra expenses are not a good base when purchasing a new home.

System analysis Essay Example for Free

System analysis auditionAs trunk analysts to ensure I. R. C get the job done I am personnel casualty to introduce the three basic and main steps. These are Input, Process and Output. The first step pass on be using Inputs such as keyboards, grovel, s keisterner and m each other inputs. The keyboard allows me to input and type textbookbook almost special features and offers which I can include in the newsletter or the flyer to promote and enunciate my business. It allows me to store information about the customers and there order details . The mouse has many features such as allowing me to point and click in a certain column and also bring downing any mistakes do.The mouse lets me insert images in to the newsletter and also copy any text to add information regarding the image. eyepatch creating the business card I inputted my logo using the copy and paste option from the mouse. I inserted text in the newsletter and also some images which showed the customers the quali ty of our service. I achieved this through the special features of the inputting devices. The process illustrates how I went about creating the newsletter in order to promote I. R. C. I will be using a catalogue wizard in microsoft publisher as a guideline to go about and treated up the layout of the newsletter.The text that is already present in the buffet, I will use as a guideline so that I know what text to insert in the appropriate place. I Yasin Mirza 1/1/05 will first change the layout of the guideline to match the requirements of I. R. C and then edit the port of the colours and the text. I will be using the mouse to insert images which have already been relieve on to a floppy disk. I will be using word art to play up special offers and subheadings this will enable me to make these stand out and change the colour, size, font and style of the text to make it more appealing to the readers.Using microsoft publisher I am able to add a special feature in the newsletter which allows me to have the choice of adding a coupon and a box for customer details. The Output such as the monitor and markinger shows the newsletter in its early/ belated stages of development. The monitor will display the newsletter and I will be using the printer to print out the draft of the newsletter. If I am unsatisfied with the result and quality of the newsletter I can then go okay and edit the problems. I can then view the corrections made on the monitor and then print it out again.As an option feature I qualify to place the newsletter online on I.R. C s website and the speakers act as an output and the speakers can be apply to listen to music and sounds on the site developed by flash software. The company will use floppy disks, cd- roms, and portable hard drives to store and backup information. Floppy disks will be used to store general specifications and receipts. The portable hard drives will be used to store customer and compensation details as well company software as the portable hard drives have a vast amount of storage space. The PHD (portable hard drive) is a ideal backing up device as in an emergence if Yasin Mirza 1/1/05 I. R.Cs system becomes damaged in some behavior then you can transfer the work on to the phd. The cd-roms will be used to store back up information from the floppys. To ensure unauthorised access each member of staff will be given a general user name (staff) and separate password which will allow them to access, edit and view customer, payment and specifications details. To increase security and ensure data integrity (data is not deleted by any random user) we will give admin authorization to managers with a separate username and password to have all system which allows them to access and view, add and delete any details regarding customers.

Organisation Structure Essay Example for Free

Organisation Structure showThe structure is totally centralized. The strategic leader makes all key decisions and most communication is done by one on one conversations. It is particularly useful for new (entrepreneurial) business as it enables the founder to experience growth and development. They are usually based on traditional command or charismatic domination in the sense of Max Webers tripartite classification of authority. edit bureaucratic structures Weber (1948, p. 214) gives the analogy that the fully real bureaucratic mechanism compares with other arrangings exactly as does the machine compare with the non-mechanical modes of production. Precision, speed, unambiguity, strict subordination, reduction of clash and of material and personal costs- these are raised to the optimum point in the strictly bureaucratic administration. 5 Bureaucratic structures contain a certain degree of standardization. They are better suited for more complex or larger scale organizatio ns. They usually adopt a tall structure. Then tension between bureaucratic structures and non-bureaucratic is echoed in Burns and Stalker6 distinction between mechanistic and organic structures. It is non the entire thing virtually bureaucratic structure.It is very much complex and useful for hierarchical structures organization, mostly in tall organizations. edit Post-bureaucratic The bound of post bureaucratic is utilise in two senses in the organizational literature one generic wine and one much more specific 7. In the generic sense the term post bureaucratic is often used to describe a range of ideas developed since the 1980s that specifically contrast themselves with Webers ensample type bureaucracy. This may include total quality management, culture management and matrix management, amongst others. None of these further has left behind the core tenets of Bureaucracy.Hierarchies still exist, authority is still Webers rational, legal type, and the organization is still g et hold bound. Heckscher, arguing along these lines, describes them as cleaned up bureaucracies 8, rather than a fundamental shift away from bureaucracy. Gideon Kunda, in his classic study of culture management at Tech argued that the essence of bureaucratic control the formalisation, codification and enforcement of rules and regulations does not change in principle.. it shifts focus from organizational structure to the organizations culture.Another smaller group of theorists have developed the theory of the Post-Bureaucratic Organization. 8, provide a detailed discussion which attempts to describe an organization that is fundamentally not bureaucratic. Charles Heckscher has developed an ideal type, the post-bureaucratic organization, in which decisions are based on dialogue and consensus rather than authority and command, the organization is a network rather than a hierarchy, open at the boundaries (in direct contrast to culture management) in that location is an emphasis on me ta-decision reservation rules rather than decision making rules.This sort of horizontal decision making by consensus model is often used in housing cooperatives, other cooperatives and when running a non-profit or community organization. It is used in order to encourage participation and help to empower people who usually experience oppression in groups. Still other theorists are developing a resurgence of vex in complexity theory and organizations, and have focused on how simple structures can be used to engender organizational adaptations.

The Role of God in the Lives of Bradford and the Puritans Essay Example for Free

The eccentric of God in the Lives of Bradford and the Puritans EssayA critical review of the history of Plymouth Plantation by William Bradford result quickly reveal the main idea which the author intends for the readers. The idea is basically centered within the struggles of the puritans as well as their achievements, all of which were deeply propagated in their utmost sentiment in God as a sole provider. Thus, Bradford narrates these events with the aim of compelling future generations to align their values with those of the puritans.Consequently, the author believes that through his narrations the readers go out come to terms with the supreme nature of God when it comes to helping anybody who is helplessly constrained by abundant obstacles as long as the victim maintains his or her faith in God. In more communicative terms, the author points at the totality in which the puritans owed their animation events to God as he writes.Being frankincense arrived in a good harbor and brought safe to land, they fell upon their knees and blessed the God of heaven, who had brought them over the bulky and furious ocean, and delivered them from all the perils and miseries at that placeof, againe to set their feete on the firme and stable earth, their proper element. (30-31) In these words the author portrays the Puritans belief that it was Gods deed that brought about their safe arrival to Cape Harbor after a terrible storm and other stream of obstacles.To their belief, all the constraints they encountered were the will of God and the reason for these occurrences were best cognise to Him. Thus, God is the sole reason for several occurrences that effect people lives in different ways. The Puritans, as Bradford narrated, were incessantly weary of the belief that non having total faith in God as well not being selfless can bullock to Gods wrath and consequent punishment. It is with this regard that lead to the Puritans belief that Gods goodwill in sparing the ir lives was as a result of there selfless service to the ill while in the boat.Hence, those who cared for the ill were protected by God and their lives were spared. On the other hand, the sailors who played nonchalant attitude and thus did not care for the ill became ill themselves and so died of the ailment. These, according to the Puritans were all accountable to Gods will. In conclusion, the role of God in the life of the Puritans was that of total guardians in returns for an unquestionable faith in his will. Thus they were able to overcome many intemperate challenges on both land and sea.The author himself seems to be inclined to these views as he wrote. Let them hence praise the Lord, because he is good, and his mercies endure for ever. Yea, let them which have been redeemed of the Lord, show how he hath delivered them from the hand of the oppressor. When they wandered in the deserte and willdernes out of the way, and found no citie to dwell in, both hungrie, and thirstie, their soul was overwhelmed in them (31). Cited Works Bradfords History Of Plimoth Plantation. capital of Massachusetts Secretary of the Commonwealth. 1900

The Augustinian Theodicy Essay Example for Free

The Augustinian Theodicy EssayThroughout history, the problems of evil-minded and pitiable have ever so been prevalent in the world. The problems can be split up into two types moral evil and innate(p) suffering. Moral evil is generally viewed as anything that is caused by humans and inflicts pain ( sensible or psychological) or stopping point or obstructs lifes freedom and/or expression for example, murder, war, crime. Natural suffering is generally viewed as events that occur because of the physical world or environment for example, earthquakes, volcanoes, flooding. Evil and suffering thitherfore present believers in the idol of Greco-Roman Theism with a logical problem- one of them introduction the Inconsistent Triad. The Inconsistent Triad consists of three premises 1- perfection is omnipotent 2- paragon is omnibenevolent 3- there is evil in the world. All three premises can non be received at the same time which means either idol does not exist or there is no e vil in the world.St Augustine of Hippo, who lived from 354 to 430 AD in the Roman Province of Africa, was a Manichaean (Persian and Dualist religion) in his early until he later converted to Christianity. Augustine proposed a theodicy, which is an attempt to reconcile the existence of an omnibenevolent and omnipotent theology with the undeniable fact of evil and suffering in the world it is derived from the Greek words theos or God and dike or justice. Augustines theodicy explains that according to Genesis, God being perfect created a perfect world where because of His skilful and perfection, God gave humans free will. therefrom, the possibility of evil is necessary as the world can never be as perfect as God. The Fall is also central to his theodicy because when Adam and Eve disobeyed God, mans master purity was lost and all their descendents inherited original sin and original guilt because they were seminally present in the loins of Adam. As a result, we all deserve the conseq uences which means moral evil is a injure of our freedom and lifelike evil is punishment for all mans sins.The theodicy goes save in explaining that we cannot blame God for evil as evil is not a thing in itself but rather privatio boni, which is Latin for the want of good. This means evil is not an entity, but a lack of goodness or righteousness and then evil only happens when good goes wrong. Augustines theodicy essentially says that God is right not to interfere with problems of evil and suffering in the world, as it is perfectly justified that we should suffer and at the end of our lives- if we have accepted that Gods mercy is necessary- we will go to Heaven, otherwise all non-believers will be punished in Hell for eternity.For whatever Christians- mainly fundamental Christians- Augustines theodicy succeeds in justifying evil and suffering in the world. However, for non-Christians and even liberal Christians, the theodicy fails for a physique of different reasons. The the odicy fails in some ways because of the advance in science. Augustines theodicy is based on the Bible being interpreted as literal which opens him up to two scientific criticisms.In contrast to developing theory, which is at a time widely accepted as an explanation for the existence of complex organisms through the gradual process of natural selection and random mutations over generations, if the Bible is taken as literal truth, then the theodicy is the reverse of evolution as it prescribes humans were created first. Another scientific criticism is whilst Augustine says we were all seminally present in the loins of Adam, our genes bespeak otherwise. Not only does each person have their own unique DNA (with the exception of uniform twins), other factors contribute to how a person develops, such as their socialization, which can create psychological differences too. Therefore it would be wrong to say that all humans atomic number 18 the same as Adam.Furthermore, there are logical criticisms of Augustines theodicy. If evil is not a thing in itself, then good and evil would chartless to Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. So in Genesis, when Eve ate the forbidden fruit, she had no concept of evil. Schleiermacher, a late 18th/early 19th Century German philosopher, agreed the theodicy is blemish because he said it was a logical contradiction to say that a perfectly created world had asleep(p) wrong, since this would mean that evil had created itself ex nihilo, which is impossible. Either the world was created imperfect or God allowed it to go wrong. possibly the most important criticisms are moral as they challenge God. Being omniscient, God should have know that things would go wrong and being omnipotent, He could have made creation better and less flawed. Also, the creation of Hell is puzzling because surely God would not create it unless He knew that The Fall would happen which further questions His perfection. Not only that, the selection process for Hea ven is discriminate as Heaven can be viewed as an exclusive club for people who have turned to Christ and accepted the need for Gods forgiveness. Therefore, God is wasteful of good souls as they would be punished eternally for having no Christian belief- even if they had been virtuously good people their whole lives. This clearly questions Gods omnibenevolence and fairness.At first evaluation, St Augustines theodicy appears to make some good points astir(predicate) the reasons for evil and suffering in the world, particularly his comparison of evil to darkness and them being an absence of good and light respectively. However on closer inspection, there are some clear flaws with the theodicy which challenge the God of Classical Theism as they criticise His creation and more importantly- Gods omnibenevolence. The theodicy works well for fundamental Christians, but is not effective in convincing other Christians and non-Christians into the reasons for the existence of evil and sufferi ng in the world as it presents us with an arbitrary and flawed God.

Management & Leadership Essay Example for Free

Management Leadership EssayThe way the world now developed through with(predicate) the industrial revolution from the twentieth century has a great background with m each driving instrument involved. The scheme that is cost-effective and has a good adjoin on social welf argon of society, and those living in the society, is considerably dependent on the effective and resourceful piece of organizations of all kinds, which depends on satis occurrenceory or excellent charge and leading potential, and which atomic number 50 be learnt and extended, would be acknowledged by some(prenominal).This is the reason various government and government agencies nationally or internationally, organization of all kinds, investing in their own development, be call fors as the basis of this belief that they make considerable investment in precaution and attractorship training, development and education. thither was a subject area in November 2006, hick manager Brad Garlinghouse issued memo that directly challenge the fourth-year management. He accused the Yahoos loss leading lacking strategic direction. Their competitor Google had beaten Yahoo in terms of revenue, advertisement and the share price fallen nearly a third since the kick the bucket of the year. He indicateed to have a potpourri in their strategy.Off course it is very difficult to transport the strategy for both organization save to survive in the competent world a flip-flop should be made when needed. It was Mr. Garlinghouse great management and lead skill that he diagnosed the problem and gives his organization a direction to move. A separate from what he observed and analyzed, the primary(prenominal) part is that he made a determination to apply the change.He might have adopted different demeanor for management as tumefy as leadership, according to the organisational structure of Yahoo, and would be aware of what impact would be coming in applying the decisions. It would have been Autoc ratic or Paternalistic or it might be the Democratic iodin besides what actually he identified was the lack in the management and leadership directions.Waka International is a international organization making FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods) all over the world and for the last few years making its way up but not with a pace with which it has to moving over with good management and leader but still the HR management asked junior tec to compile a floor on how the managers can lead their team using different sorts of management and leadership and how these flares going to impact on the strategic decision, and this is what good organization do to look what changes they need or things that can be adopted like Yahoo manager Brad Galinghouse did. There is a good saying by someone that there is one thing constant and it is change and seekers have made efforts to put previous some suggestion what style we should adopt in different melt down situation within a team in Waka Internat ional to meet the challenges on different stages.Management is been described as the care for of setting objectives and making most efficient use of monetary, human and physical resources to achieve these objectives, in which main task include planning, organizing, controlling and coordinating.The resources may include the organisational assets which may be battalion, machinery, raw materials, information, skills and financial capital to measure the organizational performance i.e. how efficiently and effectively management use these resources to satisfy clients and to briefly explore or examine management and in this report will be looking on the management theories of two recent writers.First researcher tried to sketch the attempt of Peter Drucker for his pass water to describe and comment upon what managers do and he identifies tether tasksSatisfying the goals or mission of the organization. Enabling the p role to achieve and focus on productivity. Managing social respons ibilities.He suggested in simplified manner that managers are inevitable to set objectives organize motivate and communicate measure and develop people.Secondly to mention the influential work on management of Henry Mintzberg in which he details his observations of what managers actually did. He examine that managers were not found to spend most of their time planning, organizing, coordinating, commanding and controlling and suggested ten roles managers often attempt logically in the pursuit of their objectives and divided these roles in three stages as building relationship with the employees, yielding the timberland information and finally the allocation of decision making, objective and resources to the employees.On the other hand leadership can be suggested as, the part of management to drive the organization to achieve its goals by utilizing potential influence with host efforts. Leadership in the organizational role involves establishing and sharing a vision, providing info rmation, knowledge and methods to realize that vision so others can follow impulsively.If we link management and leadership we can say that leadership is an essential part of effective management, which emphasis upon the building an environment in which everyone has the opportunity to develop and excel skills. This link amid management and leadership gives that managers must have traits of a leader.While learning nigh leadership researcher describes two types of leadership which are Direct Leadership Indirect Leadership. Direct leadership is something abtaboo lordly orders to your following and maybe enforcing them to accept you as a leader, where followers used to see the leader on a regular basis face-to-face. Or it can be said that the leaders who are able to get to know those they are working with and influence them on an interpersonal basis are direct leaders.While those having thousands of followers without possessing the role of leadership is the indirect leadership. It may too be believed that the indirect leadership has to do with influencing others and making them your followers indirectly by inspiring the followers through your character, charisma etc. Leadership is not about ruling people like subjects and taking it for granted its about presenting yourself as someone who people think should be followed for guidance. Its about winning the minds and hearts of people.If we like to differentiate between management and leadership we can come up with the idea that Managers perform roles in organizations and hold a specific, pro forma title and fulfill a role healthy Leaders aim to influence and guide others into act particular objectives or ideas of the future and to motivate them into wanting to follow.In Waka International the management has the best smell leadership hence the reason, management asked their junior staff for such an important part to look on it, since the organization is willing to move up and each management is leading its team in a good way, with a good pace as well, in a better management and leadership style.Leadership style is the way in which the functions of leadership are carries out, the way in which the manager typically behaves towards members of the group.Different leaders have different behavior which might produce different effects, so researchers began studies on successful leaders and began to develop different styles of leadership. Also how to become a good leader one should be aware of his leadership style. There are many theories on leadership styles these are summarized into three dimensional theories which describe different leadership stylesThe concept in this style is of leader and followers, where leaders have got all the high power, authority and control they make the decisions in a one way confabulation and direct their followers with minimal participation of followers. All the planning and thinking is done by the leader and the teams role is to follow the orders and motivati on to the followers only comes from the leaders status, charisma, expertness and power to reward and punish.An example of authoritarian styles is John F. Kennedy and one of the many things that John F. Kennedy is remembered for is his vision concerning the united States space program. On September 12, 1962, while speaking at Rice University, President Kennedy saidWe necessitate to go to the stargaze in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to winHe then went on to pour forth about metal alloys that had not yet been invented that are capable of standing heat and stresses several times more than than have ever been experienced. He had a vision of sending a man to the moon and back safely. He even explained how it was goin g to be accomplished. John F. Kennedy was exhibiting an authoritative leadership style that mobilized the resources of an completed nation towards this single goal.When we are talking about democratic leadership, it does not refer to a leader who holds political office or background, such as senator or parliamentarian. It talks about a leadership style that exhibits democratic characteristics. This idea of leadership involves running a business on the basis on the majority of decisions i.e. leader encourage the involvement of employees to take part in decision.Many of the great organizational leaders did use this style, Bill Gates is well known for his democratic management style at Microsoft. He actively involved employees in key management and strategic decisions. He was always interacted with the employees of Microsoft and customer and devoted his time for them by staying in contact via e-mail.In the democratic leadership style, we see a balance in the decision-making process. E mployees or followers are allowed to participate in the decisions their opinion counts just as much as the leaders. Now this might sound like the optimal way to lead but every ways got some pros and cons in it.In this type of leadership managers observes that employees are working well on their own and consciously make a decision to pass to the member to allow them independence of action and not to interfere and is always available to help in need. The leader may also set some example but nobody has to follow it if they want to. They leader dont try to motivate their subordinate or it can be said that motivation only comes from the fact that the individuals are free to do what they likes and no one has to waste time explaining their actions. This leadership style may work with individual people like academics and artists who need to be free on work in their own way, and dont like teamwork, they would like to like what they want, and not ask for guidance or permission.Researchers s uggested that a specific leadership style cannot be constraint to a particular situation quite a any styles can be adopted at any situations. Researchers also suggested that the autocratic style may be suitable when large numbers of un-skilled employees are involved and when quick decisions are a consider of life and death and have to be made quickly. Motivation is just a name which comes out from the personality of the leader that is the reason followers struggle to please or satisfy the leaders. So this style may be adopted when there is a need of urgency in Waka International and when a particular objective is achieved a different style can be implemented, and this is what management is all about, the change.Since in the democratic style, employees or followers have an equal say in the decision-making process, they are more dedicated to the desired outcome. The collaborative environment created by this style often results in more spatiotemporal solutions to problems. If Waka I nternational is looking for better and long term result democratic style would be a better choice as most of the renowned company focus on the democratic style so it would be valuable for long term objectives and goals.Laissez-faire type of leader may invigorate or motivate people or plan ideas but do not make any efforts to ensure that the team follows it. This kind of leadership can only work with academics or artists, who dont like team work and emphasis to work freely. So many researchers dont suggest adopting this style of leadership and it will not be driving the organization to its objective quickly. But this style is has good result if professional and experienced followers are in the workplace.From the report it can be concluded that management and leadership are two different aspects, but on a handsome vision if leadership has not become the part of the management, this may lead to disastrous result. Coping up the resources and not leading in a good direction without an effective leadership may show short-term good result but it would not demonstrate a good impact on the organizational objective or goals and without the right leadership, organizational strategies will remain as ink on paper. Getting the right leadership to implement business strategies takes careful planning and dedicated effort, and often unquestionable investment.Like the sports coach whose mediocre team never wins a championship, the CEO cant take to to achieve bold new strategies without giving thought to his leadership team and leadership culture. Too many organizations have become unworried with their existing leadership programs, instead of making certain that they are linking their leadership strategies and development investments with their business strategies and taking full advantage of the learning opportunities that accompany strategic change.With learning and research it can also be concluded that the planning methods are useful in meeting the challenges of any situ ation and developing leadership skills. Leadership traits can be learnt and developed to meet the strategic needs. This report has the relevance for handling complex situation of the present competitive business world by utilizing leadership skills in making strategic decisions to achieve the stipulated goal. The different styles mentioned earlier can be used depending upon the organizational needs and objectives, to achieve the goals.

Education and Life Chances in Modern Education Essay Example for Free

Education and Life Chances in Modern Education EssayPublic breeding, it can be argued, shapes society, instils kind mores and indoctrinates the impression satisfactory with those philosophies the elites value. This essay get out focus upon three master(prenominal) atomic number 18as intrinsic to the commandment system. These ar the sociable reproduction of ideas, the life chances created and instilled by precept, and the culture of the individuals undergoing the educational process. Two main sociological perspectives that are useful when studying the education system are Functionalism and Critical Theory, because they focus on macro issues and social structures more than the interactionist perspective. Functionalists believe that the condition system is an agent of social reproduction, which operates to reproduce well integrated, fully carrying into action members of society (Webb, Schirato and Danaher, 2002 114). Critical theorists, conversely, hold that education is the most effective mechanism for promoting social change and for well-favoured opportunities to less privileged groups so that they can advance their social standing. However, education usu totallyy reproduces existing social divisions, maintaining the relative disadvantage of certain groups (Webb, Schirato and Danaher, 2002 106). Munro (1994 108) describes the different approaches by stating that, routinealists tend to see education as synonymous with socialisation, while a conflict theorist is inclined to view education as ideological- that is, reflecting the interests of concomitant groups.Functionalists hold that the major institution for social reproduction is the education system, whereas, from a fine perspective, teachers, who oversee this reproduction, eat been made into administrators of programs that provide man berth capitalisation finished planned and directed behavioural changes (Illich, 1973 327). Illich (1973 327) comments, from a critical perspective, that teach ing and encyclopaedism remain sacred activities separate and estranged from a fulfilling life. This is because the things being taught do non line up with the necessary knowledge needed for life outside of education, and that learning from programmed information unceasingly hides reality behind a screen (Illich, 1973 324). This means that the knowledge provided is set to a secret agenda.The learning process, which supposedly passes on the values and mores necessary in society to students,is not, however, meeting these needs in effect. Relevant information, that is, knowledge, which will add skills to the labour trade, is proper less practical and more theoretical, expanding the gap between study and work. careless(predicate) of this, employers and social elites have attempted to use the schools for the reproduction of compliant workers (Davis, 1999 65). This double standard has been discussed in a best selling song, The Wall by Pink Floyd (1978) in which they stated that the r eproduction received through the school system was set to a hidden agenda, and that society would be better off without it.Drucker (1973 236) equates the inflow of educated people to the potential for producing wealth in any given country. By stating this, educational socialisation and the development of educated people is the most important function education can have. He goes on to state that while this may be the case today, throughout history, being uneducated provided the wealth of a given nation, due to the class differences, and that education was for the rich and idle while the work was performed by the illiterate. This all changed with the Industrial Revolution, and the invention of moveable type in the 17th Century (Drucker, 1973 232). The moveable type meant that education could be performed at a reduced rate, and words became a commodity that was necessary for improving the timber of the labour force.Education is purported to provide the best possible life chances for its graduates, yet in reality, in galore(postnominal) ways education diminishes these chances. Heinz (1987 132) points out that the life chances of graduates are in a state of flux, that when the labour market is depressed and work is difficult to find, then young people will opt for more education as a means of delaying their entry into a tight work force. The school then takes on the function of a warehouse it is a place to mark time. At the same time school acts as a socio-political instrument for reducing social and political conflict, and this function gains predominance over its main function of educating young people.In many cases the academic credentials earned are unnecessary for task jobs (Furlong and Cartmel, 1999 12), which changes the focus of education, making it oppressive and irrelevant (Davis, 1999 83). Heinz (1987 131) states secondaryschool-leavers face a worsening outlook when they wish to start in working life, and joining a preparatory program is increasingl y becoming the lonesome(prenominal) pick to unemployment. There are a growing number of young people who are decision it harder to find a place, whose prospects on the labour market are poor, being qualified but underemployed, or drifting between unemployment and occasional jobs (Heinz, 1987 131). This increases social inequalities and the gap between rich and poor. By acting as a warehouse education is not preparing students for life but rather crippling their life chances.The alternative to this are to reassess the curricula and teaching methods, reintegrating skilled workers into vocational education, ensuring that knowledge will be of direct get ahead to graduates in obtaining a place within the work force. There are fewer and fewer opportunities becoming available, and school leavers have to undergo more and more relevant vocational training. However, fewer school-leavers are able to go directly into the vocational training they want.Heinz (1987 130) noted a growing trend 16 age ago that Depending on the region, only between one-third and one-half of these school leavers succeed in acquiring a training place, and in 1994 Munro (1994 109) observed that the school-to-work transition had failed which had major ramifications for everyone involved, causing underemployment of school leavers (Munro, 1994 116). The distressfulness of this trend is made even more apparent by the fact that school-leavers are even situate to enter apprenticeships that lead them into dead-end occupations (Heinz, 1987 129). Drucker (1973 232) however, states that while this may be so, to be uneducated is an economic indebtedness and is unproductive, even though education is producing an unemployable, overeducated proletariat. (Drucker, 1973 233)According to Mehan (1973 240) education is a major socialisation agency, which moulds the individuals self-concepts into a socially accepted format, allowing each individual to be slotted into a specific function (Sargent, 1994 240). Sarg ent (1994 240) points out that in the function of education values are essentially involved and are taught beside worldly knowledge. However, this knowledge interprets the world, but does not necessarilycorrespond with any external state (Sargent, 1994 232).The transmission of knowledge, skills and values, helps to sort and rank individuals, that they might be better placed in the labour market (Munro, 1994 96). This raises a paradox, however, where education is seen by many as the best possible means of achieving greater equality in society (Sargent, 1994 233), yet it categorises the graduates into job specifications, constitution types and the opportunities granted to each. Sargent (1994 231) furthers this thought by explaining that the education system is an integral part of determining position and power in our society (Sargent, 1994 231), and that through education the class structures are compounded, making it more difficult for those in the working classes from advancing in the social hierarchy. The education institution both absorbs and perpetuates the ideology, masquerading as knowledge, which legitimises inequality (Sargent, 1994 231). regardless of the inequalities produced, it has become the absolute prerequisite of social and economic development in our world to have a highly educated pool of people ready for the labour market (Drucker, 1973 232).In conclusion, the failure of the education system to reduce social inequality and produce better workers, raises serious doubts as to its effectiveness. Life chances created through education appear to be diminishing, despite the extension of education. The knowledge taught seems to be ineffective in preparing students to complete with life. Functionalists need to reassess the structure of education, as it loses its ability to effectively provide for graduates, becoming dysfunctional in its goals to remove inequality and give a head start to people entering the work force. When feel at the education system, it is necessary to ask if the cost spent on educating people is being effectively used, considering the increasing number of educated poor. The gap between knowledge taught and life experience needs to be bridged, for education to effectively function. If, as it appears, schools are to socialise and reproduce effective and functioning members of society, the curricula has to be addressed.BibliographyDavis, Nanette J. (1999). young person Crisis Growing up in the High Risk Society. Praeger Publications, WestportDrucker, Peter F. (1973). The Educational Revolution, Social Change Sources, Patterns, and Consequences (2nd ed) Amitai Etzioni and Eva Etzioni-Halevy (Eds). rudimentary Books Inc., in the altogether York. pp 232 238Furlong, Andy, and Cartmel, Fred (1997). Young People and Social Change Individualisation and Risk in Late Modernity. escaped University Press, BuckinghamHeinz, Walter R. (1987). The Transition from School to Work in Crisis Coping with Threatening Unem ployment, Journal of Adolescent Research (Vol 2). pp 127 141Illich, Ivan (1973). The disruption of Schools A Problem or a Symptom, childishness and Socialisation Hans Peter Dreitzel (Ed). Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc., Canada. pp 311 336Mehan, Hugh (1973). Assessing Childrens School Performance, Childhood and Socialisation Hans Peter Dreitzel (Ed). Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc., Canada. pp 240 264Munro, Lyle (1994). Education, Society and Change A Sociological Introduction to Contemporary Australia Brian dyers-broom and Christine Stafford (Eds). Macmillan Education Australia Pty. Ltd., South Melbourne. pp 96 128Pink Floyd (1978) The Wall, The Wall. Mushroom Records, California.Sargent, Margaret (1994). Education for equality? employment? emancipation?, The New Sociology for Australians. Longman Cheshire Pty. Ltd., Melbourne. pp 231 256Webb, J., Schirato, T. and Danaher, G. (2002). Bourdieu and SecondarySchools, Understanding Bourdieu pp 105 106 (Reprinted in Sociological R eflections on Everyday Life GSC 1201 Reader). Allen and Unwin, Sydney. pp 227 238

The way four poets write about events which have happened to them Essay Example for Free

The way four poets write roughly events which have happened to them EssayIn this essay I am going to comp ar four contrary poetrys on the subject field of events that have occurred and how they are displayed. I volition explore the different methods and techniques use of goods and servicesd by the poet to convey the story and event. I am going to compare, The tribulation of Margaret, On my beginning Sonne, Mid-Term Break and glacial Knap Lake.In The Affliction of Margaret, the sapidity is set almost immediately, because the reader is asked a question, W present art thou, my devout Son this is the eldest dividing line of the poem and it suggest that the character has mixed-up her son, because she is questioning where art thou, from this we go over that the poem is based on a mother and son group. Where art thou, worse to me than dead? here the poet questions the audience, by using a rhetorical question, this technique involves the read more(prenominal) than emot ion wholey. The quotation shows that her son is missing, and the liking that it is on the same level of being dead, if not worse because having your child missing, creates a false trust that they will return, whereas knowing they are dead, will allow you to come to terms with it, and your mind will be at heartsease even though there has been a indescribable loss.The length of this poem avers the theme of the poem, because there are 11 stanzas which are fairly long. This unusual size for a poem support the belief that the poets mind is not at rest, so he keeps going on and on, whereas if she knew her son was dead, she would not go on. The idea that Margaret does not care close her pride pride shall help me in my impose on _or_ oppress all she wants is his son back shows the strength of the relationship the mother and son had. seven course of instructions, alas this states that the son has been missing for 7 years, which creates a depth of pain, because she has been wondering with her mind not at rest about her sons being.Why am I ignorant? this supports the idea of not knowing because she is questioning why she argot look at that her son whitethorn never return. In the second stanza, we are told that he was her only son, no tidings of an only child this make the poem more emotional because we are left with the idea that Margaret is left alone. In the second stanza shes feels tricked with thoughts of happiness and be for evermore beguiled.Each stanza in this poem has a different tone on the same theme, an example of this is in the second stanza, there is a tone of being tricked and miserable, whereas in the third stanza, Margaret begins to praise her son Ingenuous, innocent, and bold. in the sixth stanza there is a feeling that she may have accepted her son is gone, because she is almost writing a letter to her child, saying how she should be thought of think not of me with grief and pain. The seventh stanza suggest a idea of heaven and god fowls o f heaven shows how she wishes her son could simply fly home, but is tied down to the earth chains ties us down by land and sea. The poem is long because of her uncertainty.On my first Sonne is similar to The Affliction of Margaret because they are both about children, but this is different because the boy has died, and is not missing. Knowing your child is dead removes all the thoughts and questions running through the mind of the parent. There is no chance that the child will return so it also removes any hopes, where as having your child missing, creates a hope that they will return, or some(prenominal) scenarios are created such as Whats happened to my son?, all the bad things that may of happened. All these negative images develop in the mind, when thinking about a loved one that has gone missing.In On my first Sonne contains several methods to explain the event that has happened, Farewell, thou child of my right hand this tells the reader that he has already lost a child. Thi s poem is fairly emotional and plays with the concept of remainder. Jonson refers to his son as a sin my sinne was in addition much hope of thee this shows that Jonson has accepted the death of his son. Seven yeeres thowert impart to me, and I thee pay this shows that Jonson feels that his son was lent to him from God, and his death was just him returning to where he belonged and his death was meant to be. The tone of this poem is much more subtile and peaceful it is based on how his son was a blessing etc, whereas in The Affliction of Margaret the tone and theme are unsettled and static, because there is a sense of anxiety and distress, because the boy is missing.Ben Jonson sees his son as a piece his best piece of work his best piece of poetrie. Due to his death, Jonson may never applaud his life again for the fear that he might loose his loved ones as what he loves may never like too much. This is the last line of the poem and suggests the end, because he said he will n ever be too happy again. So the peak of his life has passed, the poem seems to suggest that Jonson is greedy of his son, and wishes for death so they can be together.The techniques in this poem create a sense of peace and justice, because Ben Jonson is talking about how his son is a blessing and linking him to God. The event of the death of his son is told in a very positive and poetic way. The poem flows smoothly, and contains rhyming couplets on the other hand in The Affliction of Margaret the event is reflected in a negative way. I have no other earthly hero this is the last line of the poem and shows the depression and sadness in Margaret, she feels alone and isolated from the world, because her son was more then a son but also a best friend, so she has lost more then just a son.In mid-term break, the tone of the poem is set in the second line of the first stanza. Counting bells knelling classes to a close here Heaney uses alliteration, this emphasizes the sounds of the bells at the funereal. The first stanza begins with morning I sit all morning and only two lines away At two oclock this shows how hours have been spent waiting. The first stanza gives the reader the tone and format of the whole poem. The second stanza begins with the image of the father crying(a), I met my father crying this suggests to the reader that it is a rare event because there is a comment about how he takes ruler funereal in his stride and do not create a emotional problem for him, eer taken funerals in his stride this shows the strong effect death can have on anyone emotionally.A four foot box, a four for every year this represents the death of a four year old child, because he is saying a foot for every year. So the reader understands this as a four year old child has died. This poem reflects on the funeral in a subtle way, the poem does not contain many emotional feelings, and is fairly neutral. The poem is written more as a story then anything else. The poem is very descriptive of the funeral and contains ideas and imagery that have a greater representation.In Cold Knap Lake there is tone of death straight away, pull a drowned child from the lake the death of a child signifies destroying pureness, because children are clean and unspoilt, also describing the death drowned adds a element of struggle, because drowning is seen as a very painful way of dying.The poem is very descriptive and contains metaphors that create images in the readers mind. Blue-lipped and dressed in waters long green silk this is a very imaginative way of describing a young female child that has just be found dead. Long green silk represents see weed. My mother gave a strangers child her steer this means that the girl was brought back to life by Gillian Clarkes mother, because she was resuscitated. The idea that she was brought back to life, and when she arrives home is beaten by her father, creates several ideas in the readers head, either the girl is being taught a l esson, that she should not be so careless, or she is being abused this technique involves the reader more. The poem ends on a morbid tone, in that lake with lamentable mans daughter.In all four poems there is a sense of death, and the poets are all telling a past event, in The Affliction of Margaret its about her missing son, and all her problems, and her unsettled mind, in On my first Sonne, there is a sense of peace and the rush and uncertainty in The Affliction of Margaret is not there, because Ben Jonson has accept the death of his death, and has justified it, by seeing his son more as a blessing, then a person. Mid-term break is also based on the same theme of death, because it is about a funeral, and the effects is has caused, and in Cold Knap lake, the event is the discovery of a dead girl that is brought back to life. All the poems use metaphors, personification to bring the poem to life to explain their personal events.

Ethernet system Essay Example for Free

Ethernet body EssayRobert Metcalfe with his colleagues at the Xerox Palo alto query Center (PARC) substantial the experimental Ethernet frame. According to OReilly and associates (2000) the main purpose of developing the Ethernet schema is to join a personal workstation with graphical user interface c each(prenominal)ed Xerox Alto. The experimental system was used in prep are to connect Altos and also printers and servers. The systems interfaces signal clock was patterned in the Altos system clock. This essenceed to 2. 94 Mbps. data transmission rate on the experimental Ethernet. Ethernet was origin each(prenominal) in ally know as Alto Aloha Ne cardinalrk. Alto Aloha Network was changed its name to Ethernet by Metcalfe to indicate that the system not precisely support Altos but also otherwise computers. And Metcalfe also present out that the Ethernet has progressed way beyond the Aloha system. He chose the name ether as to describe the congenital feature of the sy stem which is the natural medium carries bits to all stations the same way as the metal(prenominal) ether was once believe to proliferate There atomic number 18 two ways which stub be used to allocate the capacity of transmission media baseband and broadband transmissions.Baseband transmission allocates the entire capacity of the medium to sensation conversation conduct. It uses distinct values by measuring the voltage in wire which only carried virtuoso signal at a time. In broadband transmission, the system allows two or much discourse channels to divide the bandwidth of the communication medium. The system uses the technique of dividing the bandwidth into frequency bands which is called frequency division multiplexing (FDM) which works only with analog signals. There is also another technique called time-division multiplexing (TDM) that supports digital signals.Figure 1, show the difference surrounded by baseband and broadband transmission mode of operation Figure 1. D ifference in the mode of operation amid baseband and broadband Broadband transmission is used in the net hosting companies. This is because of the higher speeds of the broadband. With the use of broadband, people lot enjoy the full range of internet services like downloading videos, music, watching movies and plying online games. Transceivers have dissimilar speeds which are measured in MHz and also specified in wavelengths.The larger the value of the fiber nerve centre of the transceivers, measured in microns, there will be more bandwidth possible but also the aloofness will be shorter. The 1000 Base-LX is the long wavelength with a signaling speed of 1. 25100 ppm GBd. This transceiver bottom of the inning use both 62. 5 and 50 micron multimode fiber and it also uses single-mode fiber optic cables with outdistances of 440m, 550m and 5 km. Another trans put one overr is the 100 Base-TX which uses 4B5B binary encoding to encode 100 Mbps data stream in a signal of 125 MHz. One twin is used for transmitting data while the other pair is used for receiving the data.Given this, one user can setup a system for full duplex communication given that there are only interfaces in the same collision domain. It is either the two computers are directly connected to each other by crossover cable or a computer directly connected to a switch. Full duplex communication result to doubling the potential difference throughput but not often reached more than the modest improvement. Based on Sheldon and Big Sur multimedia system (2001), link aggregation is the care for of connecting together two or more data channels in order to become a single channel which appears as a single, higher-bandwidth logical link.Also this aggregative links can provide redundancy and fault tolerance if the links follow different physical path. By linking the digital lines, the link aggregation improves the admission charge to public meshs. The aggregation is also use in enterprise network to build multigigabit backbone links. It also allows the networks backbone speed to get down increasingly when the demands on the network increases without replacing everything and buy new and expensive hardware.Carrier Sense quadruple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) communications protocol was intend for local area network (LAN) environments where in all the leaf nodes are positioned few hundred feet from each other. The importance of the protocol is to listen up each node to the channels in a short period of time before it transmits. The main presumptuousness of the protocol is that each node should be able to hear the transmission from every other station. But this assumption is violated in approach shot network and this resulted to several problems. One of the skilful problems encountered is the hidden transmitter problem.This occurs when the CSMA/CA cannot function properly due to a radio node cannot hear one or more of the other nodes. And when this happen, m ultiple nodes attempt to transmit their data simultaneously over the shared data gum olibanum resulting to interference with each other. To address the hidden transmitter problem, the 802. 11 hackneyed uses the protocol request to carry/clear to send (RTS/CTS). Before transmitting each packet, each node transmit an RTS packet to other nodes to warn them that it is about to transmit data and after each transmission, it broadcasts CTS packet.This member is time and bandwidth consuming process and it is required for each and every transmission by each and every wireless node. But this process sill does not address the hidden transmitter problem fully because RTS/CTS packets are subjected to repeated collisions. In about applications, the wireless warning 802. 11b operating at 2. 4 ghz is ample enough. This wireless remain firmard is the largely widely accepted standard among the three wireless standards and also the price of the equipment is the cheapest because of the rising d emand for the 802.11g. Its distance will rely mostly on the communicating devices whether it have line of site or not. And with less obstacles among the transmitting and receiving devices, there will be discover wireless connection and therefore much better web surfing. The 802. 11b wireless standard is good enough if development wireless route or access point only for internet usage because the connection to internet via broadband modem operates about 2mbps which is very fast. The 802. 11b broadcast data at the rate of 11mbps which is sufficient for internet usage.This device saves money on equipment and gives great web surfing services. Another wireless standard being used is the 802. 11g standard. It is replacing the widely accepted standard which is the 802. 11b because both operate on the same frequency and the price drastically goes down on products. This standard is much very similar to 802. 11b because it also usually needs a line of site to gain optical performance. Bo th standards, 802. 11b and 802. 11g operate at the same frequency range of 2. 4ghz and are inter-operable with each other. whole the devices of 802. 11g can communicate with 802.11 devices and the main advantage of the 802. 11g devices is that when transferring files in the midst ofs computers or networks, it is usually at a greater speed. It is recommended to use 802. 11g when using wireless connection to transfer files (data files, voice, music, and videos) around the home and side. 802. 11g standard also allows manufacturers to developed devices which work at speed of up to 108mbps because it recommended when transferring large data or audio files within LAN. Wi-Fi defend Access (WPA) is a security technology that is used in wireless network.This was created by an industry mountain group called the Wi-Fi Alliance which owns the trademark for the name Wi-Fi and certifies products that bear the name. WPA was created in order to response on the serious weaknesses of the previou s system, the Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) and also to improve the earmark and graveion features of the WEP. It implements majority of the IEEE 802. 11i and intended to take place the place of WEP. It was designed in order to work with all wireless network interface cards but not with first generation wireless access point.Temporal recognise Integrity Protocol (TKIP) is one of the key technologies behind WPA which deals with the encryption weaknesses of the WEP. Also the WAP have built-in earmark which is a key component. The WAP uses the RC4 stream cipher which has a 128-bit key and a 49-bit initialization vector (IV). With the junto of the TKIP and the RC4 stream cipher this solves the problem of key recovery attacks which was found in WEP. In addition, the WPA provides much improve payload integrity.WPA uses a more secured message authentication code (MAC) but also termed as MIC which stand for message integrity code which is an algorithm Michael. MIC includes a frame cou nter preventing replay attacks. With the features of the WPA like having change magnitude size of the keys and IVs, reduced number of packets sent with related keys and adding up of a secured message substantiation system, it is far more difficult to break in within the system. There is one variation in WPA which is called the WPA pre shared key (WPA-PSK), which is also known as personal mode.This was designed for home and small office usage and networks which cant afford the cost and complexity of the 802. 1X authentication server. To access the network, the user must(prenominal) enter a pass phrase, with 8 to 63 printable ASCII characters or 64 hexadecimal digits. This can be stored in the users computer with discretion under most operating system in order to avoid re-entry and must remain in the Wi-Fi access point. Protected Extensible hallmark Protocol (PEAP) securely transmits authentication randomness which includes password, over wired and wireless network.It is also an 802. 1x authentication suit for wireless LANs. The PEAP is created by the Cisco Systems, Microsoft and RSA Security which is base on the Internet Draft submitted to the IETF. (Cisco Systems, 2007) The system uses only server side public key certificates which authenticate clients by creating encrypted SSL/TLS tunnel in between client and authentic server. This protects from casual inspection the resulting turn of authentication. According to the Cisco Systems Inc. , the following are crucial benefits of the PEAP web security system It relies on the Transport Layer Security (TLS) which allow non-encrypted authentication types (EAP-Generic particular Card and One Time Password (OTP)) support It uses the server-side Public-Key Infrastructure (PKI) ground digital certification authentication It allows for the authentication to an extended suite of directories which include Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP), Novell NDS and OTPA databases It uses the TLS in order to enc rypt all the user-sensitive authentication information It supports the password change at expiration It does not display the logon username in the EAP identity response The system is not susceptible to dictionary attacks It offer dynamic privacy auspices while using in combination with Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) or the mature Encryption Standard (AES) Also the PEAP have enterprise benefit. Based on the Cisco System Inc. , PEAP is based upon the server-side EAP-TLS. This means that organization can avoid the issue associated in the installing of digital certificates on every client machine which is required by the EAP-TLS.This provides the enterprise to choose what method of client authentication depending on their needs. PEAP authentication work in two phases ? In phase 1, performing the server-side TLS authentication will result to creation of an encrypted tunnel and will achieve server-side authentication. One the process is done the data are encrypted with all th e user-sensitive information ? For phase 2 according to the Cisco System Inc. , the client is authenticated by using methods like the EAP-GTC and the Microsoft Challenge Authentication Protocol (MS-CHAP)Public switched tele name network (PSTN) is referred as the public communication providing local, extended and long distance call telephony service. It is composed of foretell exchanges arranged in order to have nationwide telephone communication system. The system is open for those who can afford the service. Packets, pieces of the callers conversation are switched and then sent simultaneously to many connections to reach a receiver in the other end. All the phones in PSTN are connected in a way that any phone can call to any other phone due to all the local phone systems are connected to each other.Mitchell (2007) cited that PSTN provides the traditional Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) to establishments and residences and also some move of the PSTN are being utilized for DSL, VoIP and other internet-based network. In much relation to internet, this provides much of the internets long-distance infrastructure. Internet service providers (ISP) pay the long distance provider for the access to their infrastructure and they share the circuits among users in the process called packet switching.PSTN network link supports 64 kbps and in residences the PSTN phone lines carrying the bandwidth is made up of copper cable. Dial-up modems utilize 56kbps of the bandwidth when they are connected to a phone line. Also the PSTN utilizes the SS7 signaling protocol. SS7 signaling protocol support the exchange of special-purpose messages on public telephone networks. SS7 messages pass over separate channel different from the channel used for voice communication and it is referred as out of band signaling. Wireless local enlaceing is sometimes called radio in the loop (RITL) or fixed radio access (FRA).It is a system that connects users and subscribers to the public switche d telephone network (PSTN) by the use of radio signals as substitute for copper for all part of the connection between subscriber and the switch. This includes cordless access systems propriety fixed radio access and fixed cellular systems. One of the advantages of the wireless local loop is that it can be deployed in dependable weeks or months in comparison with copper wire systems which took months and years for the deployments. The instillation of the wireless local loop considerately has much lower construction cost than laying copper lines.The maintenance and operations of the wireless local loop are that easy and the average maintenance time per subscriber is shorter by 3 to 4 times. Signaling is the exchange between information which concerns about the establishment and in the control of a connection and the management of the network. There are many types of signaling In-band signaling pertains to the exchange of signaling information within the same channel of the telephon e call Out-of-band signaling is telecommunication signaling meaning exchange of information to control telephone call.It is done over a channel and it separates from channels which is use for telephone call. This signaling is used by Signaling system 7, the signaling standard controlling the worlds phone calls Line signaling is much concerned in transmitting information on the declare of line or channel Register signaling is focused on the transmittance of information in the calling/ called telephone number Channels-associated signaling utilizes signaling channels dedicating to a specific bearer channel Common-channels signaling, utilizes signaling channels which transmit signaling information to multiple bearer channels. Compelled signaling pertains to the need of the receive signal to be fully acknowledged before the next signal is sent. Subscriber signaling pertains to the telephone and the telephone exchanges Trunk signaling pertains to the exchange.References Buis, Paul . (1996, family line). Common 100 Mbps Hardware Variations. Ethernet TechnologyUnderlying Technologies. (Chapter 4). Retrieved September 16,2007 from http//www. cs. bsu. edu/homepages/peb/cs637/ethernet/100mbps. htm reckoner Hope. (2007). Ethernet. Retrieved September 16,2007 from http//www. computerhope. com/jargon/e/ethernet. htm ETSTechNEWS.What is the difference between 802. 11g and 802. 11b? Retrieved September 17, 2007 from http//web. monroecc. edu/ETSTechNEWS/80211g Fleishman, Glenn. (2003, November 4). Weakness in Passphrase Choice in WPA Interface. Retrieved September 17,2007 from http//wifinetnews. com/archives/002452. html GNS Wireless LLC. 802. 11a vs. 802. 11b vs. 802. 11g. 2007. Retrieved September 16, 2007 from the http//www. gnswireless. com/AvsBvsG. htm Laverty, Denis. WPA vs. WEP How your Choice Affects your Wireless Network Security. Retrieved September 16,2007 from http//www. openxtra. co. uk/articles/wpa-vs-wep. php McLauren, Bruce. (1998).Cabling Options. How Gigabit Ethernet works. Retrieved September 15,2007 from http//misnt. indstate. edu/coutinho/ge/WORKS. HTM Mitchell, Bradley. Wireless/networking WPA Wi-Fi Protected Access. Retrieved September 16,2007 from http//searchnetworking. techtarget. com/sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci214316,00. html Ou, George. (2005,June 2). Understanding the updated WPA and WPA2 standards. Message posted to http//blogs. zdnet. com/Ou/index. php? p=67 Pidgeon,Nick. Introduction to how Ethernet Works. The Ethernet. Retrieved September 16,2007 from http//computer. howstuffworks. com/ethernet. Sheldon, Tom.Link Aggregation. The Encyclopedia of Networking and Telecommunications. Retrieve September 16,2007 from http//www. linktionary. com/l/link_aggregation. html Spurgeon, Charles E.. (2000). Why is it called Ethernet?. Ethernet The classical Guide. Retrieved September 16,2007 from http//www. ethermanage. com/ethernet/ethername. html ICT Global. What is Ethernet?. Ethernet FAQ. Retrieved September 16,2007from http// www. ictglobal. com/ICT010/faq1. html Networking Essentials. Band Usage (Baseband or Broadband). Retrieved September 17,2007 from http//www. measureup. com/testobjects/MS_NetEss/5a67289. htm