Oedipus Rex - Bliss in Ignorance - 860 Words

One of the most memorable and meaningful Socratic quotes applies well when in context of Sophocles Theban Trilogy. The unexamined life is not worth living, proclaims Socrates. He could have meant many things by this statement, and in relation to the play, the meaning is found to be even more complex. Indeed, the situation of Oedipus, king of Thebes, the truth of this statement is in question. Would Oedipus have been better off if he was blind to the knowledge of his birthing and the fate which was foretold to someday befall him? Truly though, his life would have been a far better and easier path had he never known about his true origins. His life in Corinth would have been long and prosperous, and Thebes would have lived on under King†¦show more content†¦The question arises, what would life have been like, if Oedipus had not discovered his true origins? If he had stayed in Corinth, would this have ever happened? We find that indeed, we would have had no story, if not for t hat lone comment of a drunkard which sparked the fire of rebellion in the young prince Oedipus. He ventured out to Delphi, to pry knowledge of his background out of it, and to discover if this was indeed the truth, despite the fact that his adopted parents of Corinth had assured him of it falseness. Oedipus leaves Corinth, fulfilling the Socratic idea of the unexamined life. However, we must evaluate the eventual consequences of his actions and the implications which they possess. What becomes of his fateful journey out of Corinth leads to the downfall of an entire city and family line. If he had not murdered King Laius, the Sphinx would have never descended upon Thebes, he would have never fulfilled the prophecy, and all would have lived on in a relative peace and tranquillity. Once examining these aspects of the relationship between the quote and Oedipus Rex, we can come to a final examination of its implications. The question which was addressed, that of the value of the examined life, can be answered. Indeed, if Oedipus had not ventured beyond the protective walls of his adopted home, would anything such as what occurred in the play ever have transpired? If Oedipus had not pursued that answers to the mysteries thatShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Oedipus Rex Bliss 944 Words   |  4 PagesMr. Myles May 3, 2010 Oedipus Rex - Bliss in Ignorance One of the most memorable and meaningful Socratic quotes applies well when in context of Sophocles Theban Trilogy. The unexamined life is not worth living, proclaims Socrates. He could have meant many things by this statement, and in relation to the play, the meaning is found to be even more complex. Indeed, the situation of Oedipus, king of Thebes, the truth of this statement is in question. Would Oedipus have been better offRead MoreComparison Between Oedipus Rex and Street Car Named Desire1268 Words   |  6 Pages‘Oedipus Rex’ and ‘Streetcar’       | Similarities | Contrasts | Clever Points | Actions / Events | ï‚ ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both ‘Oedipus Rex’ and ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’ have scenes where a character’s past is revealed, whether it is to other characters or to the audience (e.g. Oedipus’ parentage or Blanche’s past). This shows an underlying tone that they cannot fully escape their past, whether it is an eventual surfacing (in A Streetcar Named Desire) or an abrupt revelation (in Oedipus Rex). This is linkedRead MoreThe Stranger in Oedipus Essay1467 Words   |  6 Pagesnovels and literary works alike. Albert Camus’ The Stranger depicts a modern system of justice; however, Sophocles Oedipus Rex portrays a simplistic system of justice. Society implements these to prevent the downfall of the human race. Society protects humanity from its own demise by condemning acts of violence. Acts of violence, weather brought on by anger as illustrated in Oedipus Rex or by environmental influences as demonstrated in The Stranger led to the downfall of society. Society since theRead MoreFate And Free Will In Oedipus Rex1577 Words   |  7 Pagesplays. Oedipus Rex written by Sophocles survived through the years with such universal questions provoked by the plot. Fate and free will were driving forces woven throughout the play and considerably difficult to distinguish for both characters and the audience. Fate was considered an all powerful force by the individuals in the play. Oedipus challenged the power of fate in favor of his free will seen through his rash decisions, hubris, and choice to live in ignorance. The fate of Oedipus was createdRead MoreThe Themes Conveyed By Oedipus1310 Words   |  6 Pages(Davis, 1) Title: The Themes Conveyed By Oedipus Prompt: Playwrights employ their characters to embody themes they wish to promote (about life, love, disappointments) throughout the dramas they write. Choose ONE character, examine the theme(s) the character carries, and show how Sophocles uses that character to make clear the ideas he wishes to convey. Work: Oedipus Rex (Davis, 2) The play starts with an important piece of cultural information in the form of the quote â€Å"I thought itRead More Oedipus the King - The Character Transformations of Oedipus Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus the King - The Character Transformations of Oedipus Through the character of Oedipus, Sophocles shows the consequences of defying the divine order. Oedipus served Thebes as a great ruler, loved by his subjects; but, like most in the human race, he slipped through the cracks of perfection. Oedipus had many faults, but it was primarily the tragic flaw of hubris, arrogance from excessive pride, which doomed his existence, regardless of the character attributes that made him suchRead MoreFate And Free Will : Oedipus Rex1841 Words   |  8 PagesFate and free will have many meanings towards what they mean in Oedipus Rex it’s all based on fate and free will. When your whole life is planned out for you it’s usually fate something you can’t avoid or run away from. Fate is played out in Oedipus Rex although free will happens to be your choice of action which happens to be played out in the play. Oedipus pursed information to seek certain knowledge that he should ve just left alone about his identity. Fate is resp onsible for Oedipus’s incestRead MoreSelf-Discovery and the Pursuit of Truth in Sophocles Oedipus1138 Words   |  5 PagesTruth in Sophocles Oedipus It is said that the truth will set you free, but in the case of Sophocles’ Oedipus, the truth drives a man to imprison himself in a world of darkness by gouging out his eyes. As he scours the city for truth, Oedipus’ ruin is ironically mentioned and foreshadowed in the narrative. With these and other devices Sophocles illuminates the king’s tragic realization and creates a firm emotional bond with the audience. Oedipus’ quest is revealed

Why The U.s. Constitution - 845 Words

America is a nation founded on freedom, and at times that freedom will get tested, however the people of this great country always make tough decisions that will influence and shape the future of our society. That is why the U.S. Constitution was put in place it is a stable of change, because the founders knew nothing in the world is completely perfect, yet with time things will change and the people must adapt to the times. The preamble introduces the constitution, and states that the government comes from the people. Its general purposes are in order to form a more perfect union we have to â€Å"Establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity.† Its purpose is to make a good government and good laws, have peace in our homes, national security, healthy communities, and freedom to ourselves, families and friends. The people are the ones who must choose the elected officials and leaders who enforce this constitution, they have all the power in the world, because the Constitution allows them to pursue their happiness. As Benjamin Franklin once said â€Å"The Constitution only gives people the right to pursue happiness. You have to catch it yourself.† The Constitution does not give you rights, because the founders considered your rights to be God-given or natural rights you are born with all your rights. What the Constitution does, however, is protect yourShow MoreRelatedAlien And Sedition Acts Essay846 Words   |  4 Pagesjail immigrants and take some people’s rights away. The historical question is asking if the Alien and Sedition Acts violated the U.S Constitution. People would find these acts constitutional because aliens have temporary rights and should be taken away when they become too dangerous. I think that the Alien and Sedition Acts did violate the U.S Constitution. 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The Founding Fathers instituted a mechanism in the Constitution that allowed it to be amended, based upon the shifting needs of the nation. A constitution that could not bend would surely break, in the Founders view. However, to ensure that the Constitution was not amended frequently, with the whims of the moment, the amendment process was rendered extremely difficult. The constitutionRead MoreWhy the ratification of the constitution was a good thing1595 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Why the ratification of the constitution was a good thing The Constitution of the United States is one of the first written constitutions and one of the ‘oldest’ to have been made on the national level and applicable today. It was developed and adopted by the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in May and September, 1787. The Constitution of 1787 followed the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The U.S. Declaration of IndependenceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article The Texas Constitution By Lawrence W. Miller961 Words   |  4 PagesThe article â€Å"The Texas Constitution† by Lawrence W. Miller is mainly about the stages of leading up to the creation of our current Texas Constitution, and the lengthiness that seems to ne be taken into consideration when creating the final draft. The framers of the Texas Constitution did not seem to learn much from their predecessors, the writers of the U.S. Constitution. The article starts out by explaining how the U.S. Constitution works in regards to the government, and how it was created.Read MoreEssay on The First Amendment876 Words   |  4 Pages The First Amendment is the first section of the Bill of Rights and is often considered the most important part of the U.S Constitution because it guarantees the citizens of United States the essential personal freedoms of religion, speech, press, peaceful assembly and the freedom to petition the Government. Thanks to the rights granted by the First Amendment, Americans are able to live in a country where they can freely express themselves, speak their mind, pray without interference, protest inRead MoreThe System Of Checks And Balances859 Words   |  4 Pagessignificance. Be sure to provide examples and discuss alternative views. The purpose for our Constitution was to implement a new government with three equal branches that balance and check each other. The three branches are formed and is important that the maintain balance in Legislative, executive and Judiciary branches in order for our government to not be overpower each other. The U.S. Constitution established in 1787 with the purpose to provide â€Å"America s national government and fundamental

Analyzes The Care Needs Of Rohan Diagnosed With Type 1 Diabetes

Question: Discuss about the Analyzes The Care Needs Of A 9 Year Old Boy Rohan Who Is Diagnosed With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Answer: Consider the situation review the information Rohan will be provided proper care and attentionsince his mother is unwell and he does not recieve prooper care from his father and sisters . Three problems /issues fornursing care The threenursing priorities to providenursing care to Rohan are a well balanced diet, counselling and insulin replacement through injections BSL monitoring. Balanced Diet He will be advised to follow a balanced and a healthy diet which is rich in carbohydrates and fibers and low in fat. It will help in balancing his food intake with the dose and activity of insulin He will also be provided meat as he is unable to have it and is mentioned in his diabetic plan. A dietitian will be appointed for him in order to supervise his diet in order to make sure that the concentration of blood glucose level is in appropriate range. Exercise Rohan will be advised regular exercise. He will be provided a proper counseling with the health counselor and will be made comfortable so that he shares his problems. Insulin replacement through injections BSL monitoring He will be taken for blood tests at regular intervals to examine the concentration of blood glucose level in his body before having a meal and during bed time.He will be examined for several symptoms such as temperature, pulse, slurring of speech and blood pressure.He will be advised to follow good hygiene practices and will be observed for any signs of infection, wound and swelling.He will be advised to have proper antibiotics as prescribed by the doctor and will be encouraged to take adequate amount of fluids such as water and juices Establish goals Rohan should be provided quality care so that he gets well soon and lives a healthy live. SMART nursing care approach involves Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant and Time Bound efforts. These approaches can be used to provide proper care by his parents. The first aspect Specific focuses providing proper care to Rohan. Measurable refers to the quantification or an indication of progress made. Attainable refers to providing treatment of the patient by the nurses and the doctors (Potter, 2014). Relevant refers to the results that can be obtained. Time Bound refers to the duration when the results can be obtained. The father and sisters of Rohan will be advised to accompany him in the morning as he goes alone for insulin dosage since his mother is not well. Rohan will be provided proper guidance and motivation which will prevent him to suffer from depressive symptoms, anxiety and sadnees due to diabetes.He will be provided ralaxation therapies which will help him to soothe his mind nad instill positivity to fight with th disease (Dabelea et al.2014). Strategies plan of care There are several strategies that can be taken in order to develop a trust worthy relationship with Rohan. Interpersonal or communication theory can play an important role in developing a trustworthy relation with Rohan Social development plays an important role in the normal growth and development in children. It is a process through which a child improves his interaction with other children and adults those who are around them. They also develop skills and start communicating with other people which helps in processing their actions. Social development it can be defined as how a child has developed relationships with others such as parents and friends (Greene, 2013). It also involves the manner through which they deal if any conflict arises It begins in children at the age of 2 years and the parents play an important role in the social development in children. They can help their child in developing and strengthening language skills by several practice sessions, developing self est eem and having a positive attitude in life. Family centered theory involves the participation of families in a formal or an informal manner to provide protection and care to children. It provides a safe environment to children and plays a significant role in fulfilling all their needs. It also focuses on developing the strengths of children by working on their weaknesses. Family centered theory works on partnering with the family members of patients in the welfare of children (Kotlar and De Massis, 2013).Family plays an important in influencing the behavior and beliefs of a child. Hence, Rohan should get proper support from his parents and sisters. Since his mother is ill, his father should take him for insulin therapy and provide him moral support to fight against diabetes. Child rights theory focuses on the aspect that the children should be provided proper education and upbringing by their parents. It is the responsibility of parents to take care of their health and understand their requirements.They should monitor the behavior of their children and understand if they are facing any psychosocial issues such as depression,sadness or anxiety and should follow appropriate strategies (Goldhagen, 2015). Cultural safety theory demonstartes several aspects such as improving healthstatus of individuals and providing proper access to health care services.It also focuses on the discrimination being made among individuals and the acceptance of such behavior by them (Richardson, Yarwood, and Richardson,2017). Growth and development theories play a vital role in predicting the behavior of human beings in different contexts such as cognitive, biophysical, psychosocial, and moral (Mischel, 2013).Cognitive aspects include the intellectual and thinking capabilities of patients. Biophysical aspects include the changes that occur with growth and age. Psychosocial aspects include the behavior and personality and the moral aspects include ethical principles that differentiate between right and wrong. Hence, these theories can play a significant role in the normal growth and development of Rohan and improve his health and well being. A psychoanalytic theory of psychosocial development was proposed by Erik Eriskson which comprises eight stages starting from infancy to adulthood. The eight stages are Infancy, Early Childhood, Preschool Age, School age, Adolescence, Early adulthood, Adulthood and Maturity. During the early childhood stage, experiences psychosocial issues such as anxiety and depression which may lead to a positive or negative result in the development of personality (Elliott, 2015). Parents will be advised to help Rohan when he goes for insulin which will promote his health condition which would help in improving his trust and confidence in himself. He will be given proper care and attention by the hospital staff including the doctors and thenursing staff. He will be provided special assistance in all the activities of daily routine so that he improves his skills.Rohan will be advised to take appropraite amount of rest and maks sure that he sleeps well which would improve his menatal state.The nursing staff along with the counsellor and the doctors will provide proper counselling which will improve his physical and psychological condition (McDarbyc and Acerinie, 2014). Take Actions The two interventions for providing quality care to Rohan are helping him in taking proper diet as recommeneded and explain him the importance of exercise on a regular basis in or der to reduce or maintain weight.The effectiveness of care provide to rohan can be evaluated by monitoring his dietary intake and to make sure he is taking meat in his diet.His body weight will also be monitored regularly and his level of glucose in the blood will also be moinitored before the meals and before going to sleep at night. The most important prioritiy is to provide proper counselling to rohan and his parents about diabetes managemenet.Parents of Rohan will be provided counseling so that they give proper time to him and it will help him to get well soon from diabetes. Parents play an important role in understanding and analyzing the progress of development in their children (Ritholz et. al.2014). He will be advised to spend some time with his friends as they also play as significant role in the social development of children by staying connected and maintaining healthy relationship with them. Proper care of mental and physical health will be taken to ensure his functional wellness (Richardson, Yarwood and Richardson, 2017). Evaluate Outcomes: Rohan will get well soon if he given proper care by his parents and the nurses. He will start interacting with his parents and children of his age .Palliative care will also be provided to him as it wil help in changing the behavior and thinking and would make him feel positive. His family memebrs will start giving him attention when they are provided proper information and knowledge about diabetes management so that they can provide proper care to Rohan and he gets well soon (Olfson et al.2014). Hence, it can be concluded that Rohan will be provided proper care.He will be taken regularly to health care professionals such as doctors and clinicians in order to keep a check on his various parameters such as concentration of glucose in the blood ,regular exercise and a balanced diet to prevent any risk in future. References Dabelea, D., Mayer-Davis, E.J., Saydah, S., Imperatore, G., Linder, B., Divers, J., Bell, R., Badaru, A., Talton, J.W., Crume, T. and Liese, A.D., 2014. Prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents from 2001 to 2009.Jama,311(17), pp.1778-1786. Goldhagen, J., Mercer, R., Webb, E., Nathawad, R., Shenoda, S. and Lansdown, G., 2015. Toward a Child Rights Theory in Pediatric Bioethics.Perspectives in biology and medicine,58(3), pp.306-319. Greene, J.O., 2013.Message production: Advances in communication theory. Routledge. Kotlar, J. and De Massis, A., 2013. Goal setting in family firms: Goal diversity, social interactions, and collective commitment to family?centered goals.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,37(6), pp.1263-1288. McDarbyc, J.M. and Acerinie, C.L., 2014. Psychological care of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Pediatric diabetes,15(20), pp.232-244. Mischel, T. ed., 2013.Cognitive development and epistemology. Academic Press. Olfson, M., Blanco, C., Wang, S., Laje, G. and Correll, C.U., 2014. National trends in the mental health care of children, adolescents, and adults by office-based physicians.JAMA psychiatry,71(1), pp.81-90. Richardson, A., Yarwood, J. and Richardson, S., 2017. Expressions of cultural safety in public health nursing practice.Nursing inquiry,24(1). Ritholz, M.D., Wolpert, H., Beste, M., Atakov-Castillo, A., Luff, D. and Garvey, K.C., 2014. Patient-provider relationships across the transition from pediatric to adult diabetes care: a qualitative study.The Diabetes Educator,40(1), pp.40-47.

New Labour in the UK Era of Neo-Liberal Consensus on Economic and Social Policy free essay sample

Dhruva Murugasu Christ’s College Part I Economics â€Å"Under New Labour, Britain is witnessing a new era of neo-liberal consensus on economic and social policy. † Discuss The election of Tony Blair in 1997, it is commonly said, brought about a new era in Britain’s Labour party, with the party moving to the centre of the political spectrum and adopting very similar policies to the preceding Conservative government. Tony Blair coined the term New Labour to distinguish his government from the more socialist ones of earlier Labour governments and adopted a largely neo-liberal stance, similar to that of Margaret Thatcher. This ideological shift was actually already in motion after Labour’s heavy defeat in 1983, which was due to their extreme-left manifesto which was later referred to as the longest political suicide note in history. The Labour party more or less accepted that the median voter had shifted to the right, as suggested by Knight, and responded to that by doing the same. We will write a custom essay sample on New Labour in the UK: Era of Neo-Liberal Consensus on Economic and Social Policy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In most senses, there was a neo-liberal consensus, especially outwardly, although this was not always true as close examination of Labour’s policies will reveal. I will approach this essay by first outlining the main characteristics of the Conservative policy during the Thatcher and Major administration and then proceed to point out the similarities and differences between these policies and those employed by New Labour. No particular effort will be taken to discuss the desirability or effectiveness of the policies implemented but rather whether or not there was a consensus and whether it was based on neoliberalism. First, let me deal with economic policy, which can be divided into demand-side and supply-side policy. In terms of demand-side policy, there was a clear shift from Keynesian demand-management to Friedman’s monetarism with the coming to power of Thatcher. This also involved a shift in the focus of economic policy, from full-employment to the maintenance of stable prices according to Knight. A somewhat balanced budget obviously followed on from this and that was the core of the demand-side economic policy. On the whole, there was a consensus with New Labour on these issues. The creation of an independent Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) by the then Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown, was, according to Knight, due to the reputation that Labour had for ‘poor economic management’. This act essentially removed monetary policy decision-making from the hands of the government, with the exception that the Chancellor still set the inflation target the MPC had to hit. This move, in my opinion, indicated that the government acknowledged the fact that monetary policy was ‘the principal instrument of macroeconomic policy’ (Knight) as the government saw the need for its determination to be independent and separated from the government’s poor reputation. In terms of fiscal policy, New Labour, outwardly at least, maintained the notion of fiscal prudence, and actually accepted the Conservatives’ spending plan for the first two years in power. The Chancellor’s introduction of the ‘golden rule’ illustrated this. This rule stated that the government’s expenditure, without its capital expenditure, must not be in deficit over an economic cycle. However, the ‘tax and spend’ policy was not fully absent from New Labour’s policies. While they did not raise direct taxes, they did raise indirect taxes in an effort to finance public spending. This was referred to as a stealth tax as it was much more subtle and less often blamed on the government as opposed to direct taxes. The golden-rule was also, as Knight argues, not as it was made out to be. In 2005, Brown extended the business cycle from 7 to 9 years allowing the government to borrow additional sums for current spending without violating the golden-rule. Thus, in terms of demand-side policy, there was some sort of a consensus but it was far from perfect. Next, let me deal with supply-side policy. The Thatcher government, and to a slightly lesser extent the Major government, were both in favour of supply-side policies, which it is argued, can improve productivity. This has the twin benefits of expanding supply allowing the economy to grow while stemming inflation. These policies included restricting the power of trade unions, privatising nationalised industries and reducing the top rate of income tax from the 98% it had been under labour to 40%. All these encourage work effort and remove inefficiencies in the market allowing the economy to become more productive, and are all consistent with a neoliberal stance. From a point of view of the taxation system, New Labour’s policy was widely onsistent with that of the Thatcher government. Brown did not raise the level of direct taxation after the election as promised and in fact cut the income tax and National Insurance Contribution of the lowest paid workers in an effort to encourage employment as opposed to living of security benefits. As mentioned earlier, this did not mean the end of the tax and spend policy as the government did seek to raise taxes through other means including windfall tax on privatised utilities and indirect taxes on consumption (most notably fuel). Nevertheless, what was more important is that these increases had a negligible impact on incentives to work unlike an increase in direct taxes and the increase in indirect taxes was actually undertaken by the Thatcher government as well to finance cuts in direct taxation without requiring additional borrowing. Thus, in terms of taxation policy, it would be quite fair to argue for a neoliberal consensus In terms of the labour market, Labour did maintain most of the policies of the Thatcher government, with a few exceptions. According to Steven Fielding, voters concern was mostly of a repeat of the experience from 1974 to 1979 which were dominated by unions. Blair quickly decided to distance himself from this claiming that his government would not be ‘held to ransom’ by trade unions. He also promised to maintain the legislation he inherited from the Conservative government especially the 1982 Employment Act, in which union funds were liable to sequestration if they undertook any illegal actions during a dispute (Taylor, 2001). Essentially, the Blair government initially adopted all Conservative legislation on this respect which constrained the influence of unions including postal ballots, the abolition of closed shops and secondary picketing. However, the Blair government did have to give in to the pressure of union lobbying and ended up releasing the Fairness at Work White Paper in 1998. This was strongly resisted by employers who had been used to the freedom they enjoyed in the Thatcher government. Nevertheless, after intense lobbying from both employers and unions, the 1999 Employment Regulations Act was passed. The recognition process was made more difficult due to employer lobbying but unions nevertheless were given more power than they were during the Thatcher government. In terms of the EU, one of Blair’s first acts in power was to accept the European Union’s (EU) Social Chapter. The Major government had opted out of this on the grounds that it resulted in labour market regulation (regarding unpaid leave and work councils among others), making it a threat to efficiency. Blair nevertheless promised to oppose any other measures that might undermine the flexibility of the labour market in an effort to assure the employers and opted in to the Social Chapter. New Labour was thus obliged implemented a minimum wage of as part of the Social Chapter, despite initial, opposition from employers who cited the possibility of a higher unemployment. This would clearly be against a Conservative policy of labour market flexibility and could be seen as leading to labour market imperfections as well as structural unemployment. Actual data however, showed there was no appreciable impact on unemployment and in fact, the national minimum wage only involved 4. 5% of the labour force. As a whole, while as a whole we see a policy stance quite consistent with that of a Conservative government, close inspection will suggest that yet again, the consensus was far from perfect. In terms of privatisation, it is a well-known fact that the Thatcher government actively pursued this policy on the grounds of efficiency, arguing that a privately lead company would probably be more efficient as it seeks to maximise its profits, unlike that of a nationalised industry. Thatcher privatised all principal industries except the railways (which were privatised by Major) and the Post Office. Her privatisation policy was thought to be largely successful as it the sale brought about income for the treasury (? 90 billion), most industries went from loss-making requiring subsidies from the government to profit-making ones, consumers benefitted from imported services as well as lower prices and managers were allowed to make investments without the constraints of the Treasury. The Blair government thus made no attempt to renationalise these companies and even privatised the air traffic control system, clearly supporting the privatisation policy of the Thatcher era. Only a series of rail crashes force it to set up ‘Network Rail’ which was a not-for-profit organisation and not a nationalised company to take over from Railtrack. No shift was made back to that of ‘Old Labour’ who sought to nationalise major public utilities. While Labour did accept the notion of the market operating these services better than if they were in public ownership, the Blair government id indeed call for regulation of these industries, which serves again to indicate that while there was a general neoliberal consensus, minor differences did still exist in economic policy as a whole. Next, let me move on to social policy, the first of which will be healthcare. Healthcare in Britain is and has been provided by the National Health Service (NHS) ever since the N ational Health Service Act of 1946, where health care was provided and paid for by the sate being free at the point of delivery. As argued by Knight, the Thatcher government realised that privatising the NHS would have been a highly unpopular policy (it would mean the service would no longer be free at the point of service) and did not seek to do so despite its otherwise neoliberal stance. However, the government did try to improve efficiency of the system by creating quasi- or internal markets, which essentially separated the demand (purchase) and supply (provision) sides of the market for these health services. This meant that District Health Authorities (DHA) would still purchase the health service from the tax pool but with NHS hospitals competing to provide the service. This competition between NHS hospitals as well as the fact that the DHAs were now monopsonies in the market suggested that this would reduce costs. Allowing NHS hospitals to acquire trust statuses (and the fundholder status for GPs) essentially made these hospitals operate like commercial businesses with ‘a high degree of autonomy’ (Knight). While Blair initially opposed these quasi-markets, he did later proceed to extend it. He further decentralised the NHS and had the Department of Health set national standards and undertake inspections. He also introduced the National Institute for Clinical Excellence to ensure cost-efficiency of drugs, set up Primary Care Trusts (in 2002) to replace DHAs and Fundholding practices, introduced foundation hospitals and created league tables for hospitals. The most notable of these is probably the foundation hospital which was accountable to a stakeholder board rather than the government. These hospitals enjoyed much greater flexibility and could raise capital in the financial market, sell land associated with it and retain the revenues as well as set up joint-ventures with the private sector (Knight), thus operating much more like a commercial firm. The main difference between Blair’s and Thatcher’s policy is that Blair’s health policy was designed to be patient-driven, in the sense that patients were given the freedom to choose where they obtained their health services from and the money essentially, followed the patients. All these policies were, in essence, extending and in some cases outdoing Thatcher’s semi-neoliberal policy of quasi-markets and there was a significant consensus on this although this consensus was not fully neoliberal as the NHS was still, in actual fact, not privatised. The only difference in the health policy is the fact that the Thatcher government was very much concerned in balancing the budget and thus sought many cost-minimising measures whereas New Labour, in 2000, did introduce a plan to increase spending on the NHS by 50% within 5 years. In all other aspects, there was a partially neoliberal consensus on healthcare in Britain during the era of Tony Blair and New Labour. A very similar picture appears when we consider education. Again, the Thatcher government, as we shall see, chose not to privatise education as that would mean it was no longer free at the point of delivery, but did implement other measures very similar to those done in healthcare. The Blair government again, chose to maintain these and further them slightly. Thus, it is more important than ever to consider the policies Thatcher implemented as they were subsequently accepted by Blair. The Thatcher government introduced the 1988 Education Reform Act in order to decentralise decision making in education. She created the Local Management of Schools (LMS) which meant that schools could apply to manage their own affairs and removed from the management of local education authorities (Knight). Knight suggested these could also have had political purposes rather that one purely for the sake of a better education system (local education authorities had become increasingly controlled by the Labour Party) but he also agrees that this policy was intended to improve the efficiency with which education could be delivered. The fact is that the LMS turned schools into quasi-businesses, just as Thatcher had done with the trust status for hospitals, and this meant that each school had a decentralised decision-making process, leading to what was believed to be better efficiency. Thatcher also removed the spatial monopolies of schools allowing parents to choose which school they wanted their children to attend, which would probably be those schools with the best reputation for education and discipline (Knight). The money then followed the demand, with funding being provided based on pupil numbers, similar to Blair’s healthcare policy. This competition it was suggested, encouraged schools to become more efficient in providing education and the less-efficient schools would probably end up closing. School league tables as well as a national curriculum both served to further this objective. The Blair government, while at first opposed these policies, basically eventually accepted almost all the policies of the Thatcher/Major government and this says a lot about New Labour’s stand on the issue. At first, Labour abolished the LMS or grant-maintained schools on the grounds that it was divisive and against the desire for social inclusion. Labour nevertheless eventually reversed this decision to improve the standard of schools and once again made decentralised decision-making a key characteristic of education policy (Knight). In facts, Blair even sought to further these policies of Thatcher. He introduced the City Academies which were well-resourced schools with partially private sponsorship and the rest from the state. These schools were allowed to set their own curriculum, pay scale as well as controlled the school’s assets, further reducing the influence of local authorities and continuing the de-centralisation process (Knight). On the whole, they seemed an extension of Thatcher’s City Technology College which were based on a similar principle (which Labour opposed on the grounds of its divisiveness) and the Labour Party had more or less embraced the policies of the Thatcher government. As Knight argued, in 2005, the Labour Party went a step further announcing that all secondary schools were to become independent, self-governing academies or trust schools by 2010. Parents were given the power to determine the curriculum of the school, to dismiss the head teacher if the school under-performed and even create a new school if they wished. Local authorities’ power was reduced further and the Blair government had essentially gone significantly further than the Thatcher government in this respect despite the initial opposition. In terms of higher education, both the Conservatives and New Labour sought to increase the proportion of children in higher education with the Blair government setting a target of 50% of young people to move on to higher education, and encouraged that through the system of university top-up fees. As a whole, it would be quite safe to conclude that there was a consensus on education policy which was mainly neoliberal with the exception of the fact that it was financed out of the tax pool so that education was free at the point of delivery. Lastly, let me discuss the policy on social security and pensions. Here, the Thatcher government was unable to reform the social security budget much as there was very high unemployment in the 1980s and more people thus claimed social security benefits. It did however, make several changes. Firstly, benefits and pensions were indexed to the inflation rate rather than the rate at which averaged earnings increased, which was the higher rate. This obviously widened the gap between the employed and the unemployed (and those on pension) but it did provide an incentive to search for employment as well as reduced the necessary government’s expenditure on this service. The Thatcher government also changed the basis on which these benefits were provided, from a more universal one to a means-tested one (Knight) and private pension schemes were encouraged as a result as opposed to the State Earnings-Related Pension Scheme. Major introduced a jobseekers allowance, a flat-rate benefit for single people above the age of 25 actively seeking work, to replace unemployment benefits, probably in an effort to encourage an incentive to work. He did however; introduce statutory sick pay, maternity pay and an incapacity benefit (for long-term illnesses) all of which are hardly consistent with a neoliberal stance. The Blair government, in essence, made not many changes to this. There was an acceptance of a shift from the socialist ‘equality of outcome’ idea to ‘equality of opportunity’, where inequalities on the basis of effort applied were justified (Knight). The indexing of benefits and pensions to inflation remained although it was promised that pensions will be indexed to earnings by 2012. The jobseekers allowance was maintained as it was very much consistent with New Labour’s stakeholder notion (people should have an obligation to contribute to society rather than just take what they could get from it). Jobseekers had to attend an interview to determine they were indeed actively-seeking jobs and had to sign an agreement they would continue to actively seek employment in the specified sector with the help of the Employment Service. The New Deal was also introduced where people who had been claiming jobseekers allowance for 6 months had to accept a job subsidised by the state, work in a voluntary organisation or attend a training course or else, have their benefit cut. Again, this was very much consistent with the partly neo-liberal stance of Thatcher, although this policy was of limited success as many people chose to accept the reduced benefits. Similar encouragements were made to encourage single parents and the disabled to do the same but this was even less effective as there was no reduction in benefit for those who ignored it. Tax credits were introduced for those with children and those in employment but in low pay. In terms of pension schemes, the Turner Report suggested raising the age of pension entitlement to 68 by 2050, thus encouraging the people to work longer and reducing the cost of the pension scheme (people paid more contributions as well as received benefits for a slightly shorter period of their life). The National Pension Scheme was also introduced for those without secure private pensions or those ineligible for pensions at all. As a whole, the social benefit and pension policy was largely similar between the two partied. The consensus however, does a slight hint of socialism about it although many efforts were made where possible by both the Thatcher/Major and Blair governments to apply neoliberalism to it so as to reduce the overall cost of maintaining the system and to ensure there was minimal disincentive to work. In conclusion, in terms of economic policy, there was a consensus, although it was far from perfect, based on mostly neoliberalism between the Thatcher and Major governments with that of Tony Blair. In terms of social policy, the consensus was, it appears, slightly stronger, but this was based on partial neoliberalism in order to maintain the fact that health and education was free at the point of delivery as well as to maintain the benefit and pension system. As a whole, there definitely was a consensus to quite an extent over social and economic policy based on neoliberalism. Bibliography Knight, Governing Britain since 1945, 2006 Fielding, The Labour Party; continuity and change in the making of ‘New’ Labour, 2003 Powell, New Labour, New Welfare State? , 1999

Limitations of Utilitarianism

buy custom History of Francos Spain 1936-1975 essay

buy custom History of Franco's Spain 1936-1975 essay During this era Spain was under the leadership of Dictator Fransisco Franco. Although he managed to isolate Spain from the rest of the world, the Spanish sportsmen were still interested in participating in international sporting events notably cycling. Despite the insufficient funding from the government, they continued to solicit sponsorship funds from the private sector. However, they faced a lot of opposition from the fascist regime who opposed capitalist support of the sport. But with their strong determination they were able to push on with this sporting event, as indicated by the many professional cycling events that were staged and participated by the Spanish team. This paper will seek to analyze some of the cycling events that were staged during the years 1936-1975. In 1936 the first edition of Vuelta cycling competition was held though with the nationalistic flavor. This was a clear indication that the Franco regime was keenly interested on the nationalists as opposed to the republicans. In 1941 the second edition of Vuelta competition was held. And the cyclists were supposed to cover a distance of 4442 km. The series was consecutive staged in the years 1942 and 1945, although it only involved the Spanish nationals. Although foreign participation resumed in 1946, the Spanish cycling team remained limited due to the economic and diplomatic barriers imposed after the Second World War. The economic depression in Spain caused the abandonment of the event between 1950 and 1955. This continued until 1960s after an end of autarky regime, during this period there was an economic boom which consequently translated to the apparent rise of Spanish cycling competition. The opening up of Spain in the late 1960s also boosted the international participation of Spanish sport people and hence had an overall positive impact on sports. Other sports like football and basketball also started gaining popularity and have since then attained an international mark. Buy custom History of Franco's Spain 1936-1975 essay

Project 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project 2 - Essay Example The site was published in 1999 and was developed from a paper published in 1996. Consequently, some of the information in the site may be out of date and it does not represent state-of-the-art research. Nevertheless, the site provides a valuable resource, and the information that it contains is important for understanding geological phenomena throughout the world. The Glomar Challenger and JOIDES Resolution The Glomar Challenger is a research vessel developed in the 1960s, which studies of marine biology, and had the ability to collect core samples from the deep ocean floor. The ship was involved in a scientific expedition in 1968 that provided important evidence towards the seafloor spreading hypothesis. In the 1990’s a ship was designed for the Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling (JOIDES), named the JOIDES Resolution. This vessel is also focused on research, and has the ability to drill deeper than the Glomar Challenger and to produce higher precision po sitioning. The ship carries more than 9,000 meters of pipe for drilling (Kious & Tilling, 1999b). Having research vessels such as these allows researchers to develop extensive knowledge about the way that the processes within the earth interact, and what can be expected from these interactions. Major concentrations of earthquakes Throughout the world, earthquakes tend to be centered along oceanic spreading ridges and trenches. The most prominent of these are the Wadati-Benioff zones. The continental earthquakes that occur are highly concentrated in The People’s Republic of China. Additionally, there is also a high concentration of earthquakes in the Pacific Ring of Fire. This is a particularly relevant area as it is considered to be the world’s most seismically active zone (Kious & Tilling, 1999d). The majority of earthquakes in Europe are concentrated in the Caribbean region, and there are relatively few inland. Undersea hot springs In 1977, scientists discovered hot springs that occurred on the Galapagos Rift at a depth of 2.5 kilometers. This discovery was significant as it was the first such hot spring that had been found on the deep ocean floor, although their existence had been predicted since the 1970s. The remarkable fact about these (and other) undersea hot springs is that diversity and abundance of unusual sea life that lives surrounding these springs. For example, large clams and mussels as well as giant sea worms, were found around the 1977 system. Unusual bacteria have also been found in these systems that oxidize hydrogen sulfide. These provide the lowest level of the hot springs ecosystem, and they obtain their nutrients from the gases which exit the hot springs. Consequently, these areas represent a unique ecosystem, as the temperature of the spring can be up to 380Â °C (Kious & Tilling, 1999a). Plate boundaries The first type of plate boundary is a divergent boundary. This occurs wh

Examples of Self Fufilling Prophecy in Today's Media Research Paper

Examples of Self Fufilling Prophecy in Today's Media - Research Paper Example Movies and films of Rambo and Schwarzenegger portray terrorists as Islam fundamentalists triggering a host of discriminatory actions among the populace. Given the billions of dollars spent on the war against terrorism and the widespread and extensive media propaganda campaign, it should be logical to conclude that terrorism has been greatly diminished ten years after the September 11, 2001 tragedy. On the contrary, the War on Terrorism has become a self fulfilling prophecy where terrorist activity exponentially increased. To wit: The Rand Corporation for the National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism (MIPT) reveals that there has been a 250 percent increase in terrorist activity from September 11, 2001 to September 2006 alone. If we divide post 9/11 into two phases until 2006, the first phase has 4772 fatalities from terrorist attacks and the second phase has 5177 fatalities (Conetta, 2006). Thus, all efforts to counter terrorism has only effected in their increase. The US war against Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Libya, North Korea and others in fact encourages ordinary citizens from these countries to launch attacks against the US comparable or even similar to terrorist’s acts.

Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 109

Discussion - Assignment Example She delayed some acquisitions. Had she made the decision for the acquisitions earlier, Xerox may have not missed the opportunity for high revenues, which the company realized upon completing the deals. Q2. A manager like Mulcahy should avoid experience-based biases. When Mulcahy was appointed the new CEO of Xerox, she like everyone else was surprised. In her mind and in the minds of others, she was not the right candidate because of her managerial inexperience. As the CEO, the manager is bound to meet different experience-based biases at the decision making table. The CEO should thus acknowledge that the final decision is on her/him and coordinate diverging minds to obtain a solution to the problem at hand. The CEO should also avoid recruitment biases as he/ she strives to find the best team/workforce for the company. Q3. It is often a big challenge for some managers to make ethical decisions as they strive to propel their companies to the next level. In order to ensure that they make ethical decisions, managers can emphasize on the following areas: honesty, breadth, and

John Proctor Was Never Defeated English Literature Essay

John Proctor Was Never Defeated English Literature Essay Ernest Hemingway says, Man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated (http://www.englishforums.com). In Arthur Millers play The Crucible, the court cannot defeat John Proctor. Although they take his life, they cant take his pride. John Proctor is a well-respected husband and citizen, but everything takes a turn in Proctors life when he commits a secret sin with Abigail Williams. His hamartia, or affair with Abigail, leads to his downfall. Proctor is seen as a tragic hero because he is well respected in Salem, he possesses a flaw, and he finds a way to overcome his flaw. As the trials begin in Salem, Proctor realizes he can put a stop to them. In fear of ruining his name and reputation, he keeps his adultery with Abigail to himself. His tragic flaw, or pride in his name, underscores his inability to let go. He makes an effort to bring down Abigail, but when he fails, Proctor reveals the sin he committed with Abigail publicly. The storys peripeteia comes when Proc tor is arrested. Proctor changes, realizing that the witch trials are his fault. In the last act, Proctor has a chance to confess that he is a witch in order to live. Instead, Proctor chooses to refuse the confession in hopes of saving his name. This is Proctors biggest turning point of the play. His catharsis is achieved because he dies being freed from his earlier sins. A proud and respected man, John Proctor possesses a flaw that changes him throughout the course of the story, but it is Johns ability to overcome his flaw that distinguishes him as the tragic hero of The Crucible. In The Crucible by Arthur Miller, John Proctor is viewed as a highly appreciated individual. Proctors high authority, influence in the town, and good deeds demonstrate his respected position in society. Arthur Miller describes John Proctor as a farmer in his middle thirties who is respected and feared in Salem(19). He is respected and feared because of his large amount of land. When Proctor speaks to Mr. Putnam and Giles Corey in the beginning of Act I, Proctor asks Giles to help him carry the lumber to his home. When Mr. Putnam asks what lumber he is speaking of, Proctor says, My lumber. From out my forest by the riversideà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. I bought that tract from Good Nurses husband five months ago(30). Proctors wealth and position in society is proven when he describes his land to be a forest. It exemplifies his respect in the town, because, in the time of the Salem witch trials, a person with a large amount of land is regarded as a man with a high status in town. Proctors high opi nion is also shown through his influence on Salem. In Act IV Reverend Parris expresses his fear towards the riot that is occurring in Andover and heading towards Salem. In the midst of his terror, Parris realizes the influence that John Proctor has in the town. He says, John Proctor is not Isaac Ward that drank his family to ruin. I would to God it were not so, Excellency, but these people have great weight yet in town(118). Parris explains how Proctors influence in Salem is so immense that Proctors death would cause Salem to collapse. Parris suggests that if Proctor is hanged, people will start a rebellion in Salem. The people of high authority act as a basis in Salem, and their death would only cause more confusion. With this confusion the villagers will riot and overthrow the court. Proctors respect and influence is a result of his good deeds shown in Salem. As Hale is questioning Proctor, Proctor describes his kindness with a good deed he committed. He states, I nailed the roof upon the church, I hung the door-(62). This small deed shows that Proctor cares about the community, and not only himself. Proctor is respected by the townspeople because of his charitable actions in Salem. Although Proctor illustrates the characteristics of a well-rounded individual, his tragic flaw prevents him from forgetting his adultery with Abigail. Throughout The Crucible John Proctors flaw is portrayed when his reputation is jeopardized. Proctors flaw is first shown on page 52 when he is speaking to Elizabeth about the conversation he had alone with Abigail. Elizabeth believes that Proctors feelings for Abigail prevent him from going to the court and proving that the court is a fraud. Proctor then judges Elizabeth stating that she will not forget about the incident that happened with Abigail. Elizabeth responds by saying, The magistrate sits in your heart that judges you. I never thought you but a good man Johnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (52). Elizabeth introduces Johns flaw. His pride in his name is restricting him from entering the court and proclaiming that the court is corrupt. If it means he would have to confess about his adultery with Abigail and ruin his reputation, then he would not do it. As Reverend Hale is questioning the Proctors, he asks them if they believe in witches. When Hale asks if Elizabeth believes in the Gospel, Pro ctor says, She do not mean to doubt the Gospel, sir, you cannot think it. This be a Christian house, sir, a Christian house (66). Proctor tries to save his name by saying that Elizabeth believes in the Gospel. He is afraid that Hale will get the wrong impression from Elizabeth. This will put a mark on their familys name. Proctors pride in his name causes him to answer Hale and turn away any suspicion that Hale has against the Proctors. Reverend Hale shows another example of Proctors flaw. While Hale convinces Elizabeth to talk Proctor into confessing, he tells Elizabeth that Proctors life is worth more than his pride. He says, Life, woman, life is Gods most precious gift; no principle, however glorious, may justify the taking of ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Let him give his lieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. [F]or it may well be God damns a liar less than he that throws away his life for pride (122). Hale explicitly points out Proctors flaw. He proves that Proctor is viewed as a prideful man, and Hale belie ves that Proctor is ruining his life for the goodness of his name. Hale believes that life is more important than ones reputation. Proctor, however, is more inclined towards his reputation than his life. On page 133 Proctor throws his life away to keep his name and save the lives of those that were accused. After signing the testimony that claims his witchery, Proctor asks that it remain private. When Danforth disagrees Proctor snatches the paper and says, Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name (133). Proctors flaw once again leads to his downfall. His pride in his name for both his family and people of Salem lead to his hanging; however, Proctor reaches a self-realization and discovers a way to overcome his flaw. As the play comes to an end, Proctor shows his ability to surpass his tragic flaw and distinguish himself as a tragic hero. Proctors first moment of self-realization appears on pages 72 to 73. When Elizabeth is being arrested, Proctor realizes that the witch trials are his fault. He understands that Abigail wants to destroy Elizabeth in hopes of getting back in bed with him. Proctor rips the warrant of Elizabeths arrest and says, Ill tell you whats walking Salem-vengeance is walking Salem. We are what we always were in Salem, but now little crazy children are jangling the keys of the kingdom and common vengeance writes the lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Ill not give my wife to vengeance (73). John blames Abigail by saying that vengeance is walking Salem. Abigail is the vengeance. Proctor realizes that his pride has put others in danger. Because of the danger he has put on others, he decides to act against the court. Another moment of self-realization occurs when John publicly announces his adul tery with Abigail. He declares Abigail a whore and states that she must be stopped. He says, Excellency, forgive me, forgive me. She thinks to dance with me on my wifes grave! And well she might for I thought of her softly. God help me, I lusted, and there is a promise in such sweat. But it is a whores vengeance and you must see it (102). Proctor realizes that Abigail continues to gain power in the court. When all else fails, Proctor confesses to his adultery with Abigail. He destroys his reputation, not for his own sake, but for the sake of others. Proctors last lines show his final self-realization. Before his death, Proctor is able to overcome his flaw. He snatches the paper that includes his confession and crumples it. He says, You have made your magic now, for now I do think I see some shred of goodness in John Proctor. Not enough to weave a banner with, but white enough to keep it from such dogs (133). Although Proctor has a chance of living, he understands that the rest of hi s life would continue as a lie. By denying that the confession be nailed to the church door, Proctor gives his life up in place of his name. He understands the importance of his name, but he sentences himself for the sake of others. By sacrificing himself, Proctor is able to achieve peace and to free himself of his past sins. Ultimately, John Proctor was never defeated. He died a man of strength and power to his name. Although his soul was taken, his legacy remained. Through all of Proctors struggles he was able to retain his name and die in peace. In the beginning of the play, Proctor is a dishonest character trying to rid himself of his past, but his self-pride makes it difficult for him to let things go. However, as the play comes to an end, Proctor realizes the evil in the witch trials, and he dies with a renewed goodness. John Proctor is seen as the protagonist of this tragedy because he demonstrates the characteristics of a typical tragic hero. Well respected in Salem, Proctor shows good traits of a common man. Eventually, Proctors hamartia and tragic flaw lead to his death. However, Proctor also undergoes a moment of self-realization. Proctor reaches his catharsis in the last few pages of the play when he realizes the goodness in what he has accomplished. Proctor decides to surrender himself to dea th, rather than live a life of lies. He realizes that a public confession will offend the accused that have risked their lives for their reputation. Although Proctors tragic flaw leads to his death, Arthur Miller ultimately concludes Proctor as a man who pertains to goodness rather than guilt.

Machieavelli’s Values of a Successful Ruler

â€Å"Cruel to be kind† is a cliche often used in modern society. It suggests using rather harsh means in order to accomplish benevolent ends. For example a parent grounds his or her child for a month after the child is caught smoking. The child thinks the punishment austere, but the parent inflicted the penalty to show the child that smoking is unhealthy and that he or she is breaking the law. Niccolo Machiavelli wrote â€Å"The Qualities of the Prince† to demonstrate how a ruler should rule and be successful doing so. He asserts that the prince (or ruler) must use questionable means to be an effective ruler and that a successful ruler exhibits questionable or nearly corrupt qualities. Three of these qualities are making one's only profession war, miserliness, and deceitfulness. Machieavelli's values of a successful prince (or ruler) sound remarkably similar to those equated with modern day politicians. The values he praises, however, are seen as faults and would not lead a politician to success presently. A prince, therefore, must not have any other object nor any other thought, nor must he take anything as his profession but war, its institutions, and its disciplines†¦ (Jacobus 35). † Machiavelli first states that war is very important in finding success. Having an overwhelming army is how most princes come into power and how most regain power when it is lost. In present day America, all public officials are elected. Although, the process prior to being elected may very well be likened to war, no physicality is employed. One may decide to campaign on a platform of war, but is not likely to prove prosperous as the vast majority of American citizens are opposed to war unless absolutely necessary. There are instances, however, where war is necessary. Were America being invaded, the public would cry for war in order to defend the country. But, using war to gain power in America would be considered a substantial offense, and the perpetrator could be sentenced to life (likely at the very least) or even be deported. Thus, we see an unnecessary concentration will not lead a politician to prosper. War expends a country's resource. One of those resources is money. â€Å"In our times we have not seen great deeds accomplished except by those who were considered miserly†¦ (Jacobus 39). † Thrift is considered a virtue while miserliness a fault. Being thrifty means being more efficient with one's money while miserliness refusing to spend it. Thrift is an excellent quality for a politician to have. That means he or she is good at managing money and that is an exceedingly important quality for one to have, especially in this age of foreign debt, inflation, and stock mark instability. Miserliness, on the other hand, denotes bad money management. If a politician is unwilling to spend money, no government- funded programs would get off of the ground; those programs already established would die. Machiavelli comments that in the practice of miserliness the ruler need not impose taxes. As much as any American citizen hates even the thought of taxes, they are absolutely necessary in order to keep our economical system functioning. Perhaps what the average American hates more than miserliness is deceit. One sees from the experience of our times that the princes who have accomplished great deeds are those who have cared little for keeping their promises and who have known how to manipulate the minds of men by shrewdness; and in the end they have surpassed those who laid their foundations upon honesty (Jacobus 43). † The most common stereotype with which we label politicians is that of having two faces or being deceitful. Politicians are well known for being liars and there is nothing they can do to escape this designation. They are always seen as saying one thing and doing another. He or she makes their platform tax breaks, but when he or she gets into office, they sign a bill to raise taxes. Deceit can only take one so far. After the population learns of the deceitful ways of their elected official, that official will not be re-elected. Machiavelli presents compelling arguments as to the success of his qualities. However, presently each of those values are despised by the majority of the American public. It scorns war, it detests miserliness, and it abhors deceit (perhaps this one above all). Therefore, we see that Machiavelli's qualities would not lead a present day politician to success. The ideal leader is an honest and thrifty man who can fight his battles without the use of force. These characteristics apparently lead few men to successful leadership in the time of Machiavelli. However, One cannot expect things to be the same in this era as they were when Machiavelli lived, but there are some interesting parallels that present themselves when his words are analyzed.

Computer and Grades

This chapter presents the background of the study, problem and its significance, and the scope and limitation of the study. Background of the Study In this Information Age we are able to process or transmit, sort and retrieve data or information between one computer to another. With this, it makes the communication and different task done easy and less time consuming and hassle free. Like in schools, offices this brings a big help. In schools especially in colleges/ universities it is consist of different people and machine that work together to achieve one common goal.One of this goal is the transferring of data or information of computed grades of the student on how they performed academically in their different respective subject. On latter days, instructors manually computing the grades of their students then input it in computer, print it for them to have the hard copy. One is for their own then the other copy for the registrar or dean whom they passed the reports of the grades. But with this grading system, they can compute or tabulates the grades of their students computerized, easily and efficiently, less paper works and they can pass it through computer to the registrar and dean.And most important is that the student can quickly response if he have a problem with his grades because of the system SMS notification. The student will receive a SMS notification if he is needed to comply or talk with his respective instructor about his academic performance or grades. This will help the student that always have the reason of it was too late when they know that they failed on that subject so they were not able to comply or talk with their instructor. Objectives of the Study The main objective of the study is to minimize the task of the instructor.Registrar. This study will benefit and help the registrar to monitor the student list and information with the grades coming from their instructors. Dean. This study will benefit and help the dean of this college to m onitor the class standings and per term submission of grades of the students by the instructors. Future Researchers. This study will serves as reference for the future researchers on their future study. Scope and Delimitation This study covers the CLC College of Stop. NIH, Japan City grading system.It also includes how these students will comply eventually on their grades problems with the use of SMS notification. This study focuses on the problem on how the student list be monitor and update timely and how the grades of the student will compute accurately and efficiently that will help the student and instructor to communicate despite of their busy and different schedule if they have something to settle that deals with the grade or class standing of the student. And this study focuses to suggested ways or solutions to avoid the students for being fail in different subjects.Make the student responsible for his studying and completes the requirements with his subjects as a student. D efinition of Terms 1 . Information Age – Growth of information industry where information can be sorted, stored and retrieved from one computer to another. 2. Comply – To complete, reform what is due, and to be courteous. 3. System Development Life Cycle – System Life Cycle is an organizational process of developing and maintaining systems. It helps in establishing a system project plan, because it gives overall list of processes and sub-processes required for developing a system.Chapter II The Review of Related Literature and Studies Foreign Literature According to John Palmer, Robert Williams & Heinz Dither Curtain University of Technology, Perth, WA, Australia (2011) they stated that: â€Å"Automated marking of assignments consisting of written text would doubtless be of teachers and education administrators alike. When large numbers of assignments are submitted at once, teachers find themselves bogged down in their attempt to provide consistent evaluations and high quality feedback to students within as short a timeshare as is reasonable, usually a matter of days rather than weeks.Educational administrators are also concerned with quality and timely feedback, but in addition must manage the cost of doing this work. Clearly an automated system would be a highly desirable addition to the educational tool-kit, particularly if it can provide less costly and more effective outcome. In this paper we present a description and evaluation of four automated essay grading systems. We then report on our trial of one of these systems which was undertaken at Curtain University of Technology in the first half of 2011.The purpose of the trial was to assess whether automated essay grading was feasible, economically viable and as accurate as manually grading the essays. Within the Curtain Business School we have not previously used automated grading systems but the benefit could be enormous given the very large numbers of students in some first year su bjects. As we evaluate the results of our trial, a research and development direction is indicated which we believe will result in improvement over existing system.Keywords: assessment, assignment, automatic, essay, grading, marking, plagiarism† (http://www. Studded. Com/essays/Grading-System-For- Essay. HTML) The said article/essay that the grading system will be usable when it comes in grading especially to first year students. And when that system can be implemented, they can provide to students a good evaluation, and a timely feedback. So that, the proponents' proposed this study in order to have a good and timely dieback for the students.In a study conducted by Evangelists (2009) she stated that: â€Å"The Online Student Information System of Simon Fraser University of Canada is a secure, web accessible interactive computer system that allows user access to grade, reports, transcripts, schedule of classes, and remaining balance for the semester and register for classes o nline. † (http://www. Studded. Com/essays/Review-Of-Related- Foreign-Literature. HTML) The said article/essay that the system of the Simon Fraser University is secured, accessible and efficient to use because all the information that hey need in their university is encoded on their system.This article helps the proponents' to make the proposed system more accurate, convenient to use, understandable and make it user friendly environment. In a study conducted by Salem, University (2010) the school stated that: â€Å"In today's generation, we are engaged in highly computerized technology aiming to enhance individual lifestyle. The manual system is now considered obsolete after the birth of the computerized system. Computerized Grading System is now very common today's generation. † (http:// www. Studded. Com/essays/Fortunetelling. HTML) The said article/essay/ that our generation is innovated time-to-time. Nowadays, every companies or establishments is using a technology t o provide fast transactions and encoding data's much easier. This innovation helps the proponents' proposed study to provide more usable system. Local Literature In a study conducted by McFarland, Migration and Maiden (2009) they stated that: â€Å"A teaching and learning radically changed with advances in technology. Research shows that the computer can be an effective tool in both teaching and learning.As a part of innovation, computer and internet became a part of our need in learning. It helps us to know anything and connect us to everybody. It helps us also to learn something in a quick and easiest way by providing relevant and informative information online. † (http://www. Studded. Com/essays/Assessment-Of-Online- Grading-System-7655755. HTML) The said article/essay that every piece of information that we need, the computer can provide it through accessing the internet. And also it would be very helpful to the students who are engaging research papers.So that, the propo nents' proposed system should be able to give information to the user. In a study conducted by (Beg, 2010) he stated that: Manual also is using old method without the help of the technology or maybe less to perform certain task or work. For example using type writer to write a report or keep documents in the paper folder. While computerized system is using latest technology of CIT to carry out various tasks that is more effective compare to manual system in terms of the productivity and the time usage. † (http://www. Studded. Mom/essays/ Online-student-Information-system-1871749. HTML) The said article/essay that computer systems is easy to use rather than the manual system which is filing, using papers to store information's etc. But when it comes to computerized system, it is timeless and doubtless to encode & retrieve information's encoded on that system. So that, the proponents' proposed this study to help the user make their time be manageable. In a study conducted by Nat ional University (2011) the school stated that: â€Å"Nowadays, technology plays a very important role to our lives.We all knew that technology grows fast and the demand for human resources increased. Life in every aspect such as business transactions when it comes to doing heavy paper works, arranging, sorting now has come to find its solution to make task easier and less time consuming. We can say that all companies adopted what the technology offers. This is through the process of computerizing. With its help, all transaction inside and outside the business world can be done in an easy way. † (http:// www. Studded. Com/essays/Grading-System. HTML) The said article/essay that life made easy when using a computerized system, it is because the things that the human did manually, it can be done automatically through the help of a system, and the human efforts will be reduced. So that, the proponents' proposed this study to lessen the human efforts. Related Studies Foreign Stud ies In a study conducted by AY Hydraulically (2012) he stated that: â€Å"The first regular school be established in Bahrain, It's was established in 1919. The education in Bahrain was limited to education in chronic schools who are studying the Koran.However, AY Hydraulically was limited to the teaching the children of rich people and the owners of the important centers in the centers in the country and then become the public from people. It's a doubted by the ministry of education in Bahrain. As the time go to the school has improved it teaching system and the activates to make the studying more effective for the student and now this school have been secondary school for boys in Marjoram. Now, the school is using a manual grading system in which they are using papers, files, cards and calculators to calculate the marks of each student.This type of grading is very difficult and take a long term in calculating the grade of each student, and the school spends money every year for pa per files and other things, as well as there is big ability for losing or damaging the document. † (http://www. Demoded. Com/essays/Related-About- Grading-system-1077246. HTML) The said article/essay that manual computing of grades is taking too much time, and also, the school is able to pay for the papers that the students needed for storing their information's.So that, the proponents' proposed this study to avoid paying such papers and spending too much amount of money. In a study conducted by Golden Valley – Annealed Group of Schools (2012) the school stated that: â€Å"The grades of each student, which is the traditional use when technology is not yet developed. Manual computation is very prompt to risk for any resistances. It is time consuming in terms of recording grades, computation using of calculator. If some records are lost, they never retrieve it in case of unexpected calamity. Accuracy and security is not been so defined in their manual system. (http://Stu dded. Com/essays/Grading-System-1232996. HTML) The said article/essay that manual computation is very risky, because there is a possibility of loses and damaging the documents. And it is time-taking when recording grades into the papers. So that, the proponents' proposed this system to avoid damaging & loses of information needed by the instructor. In as study conducted by possible Axes (2008) he stated that: â€Å"Upgrading the computer information system is not an option in this technology driven era: it is a requirement.Companies that use an up-to-date information system to gather, assimilate, and evaluate internal as well as external information are gaining competitive advantage over other firms. Management is quicker to cater customer's need and complaints. With the growth of communication networks, there are almost no barriers between the firm's management employees, customers and suppliers. Networks computing system have made new modes of work. (http://Studded. Com/essays/ni ne- Student-Information-system-1871749. HTML) The said article/essay that up-to-date system is more efficient to use, because all the information needed by the customer, employees etc. Is not a barrier by the system, because computerized system has a components to interact to us humans. So that, the proponents' proposed this study to help the user easily retrieved information needed. Local Studies In a study conducted by San Sebastian College Recollects (2011) the school stated that: â€Å"Began over 4 years ago; many things in this school have gone from manual to automate.And because a typical problem in a starting school are Grading Systems. I noticed that this systems does not exist in this school. Grading System means marking the task for professors in computing and calculating grades will become easy and not only that the professors will have an advantage but the student will also get a gain, because it will also improve accuracy of calculations thus making the what we call â €Å"Hula of Grades† will become non-existent in the future of San Sebastian Recollects. † (http://www. Studded. Com/essays/Computerized-Grading- Systematizes. Ml) The said article/essay that when the instructor is using a computerized grading system, their task as an instructor will be lessen because as we all know that computing of grades is not an easy work. So the proponents' proposed this study to help the user compute the grades of the students automatically. That: â€Å"One of the fastest growing institutions in the City of Basis will new opportunities rising continually in hundreds of different fields. System analyst matches the requirements of the school and set up an interview between the key people.Interviews are then conducted, and the candidates selected in the interview re one of the teachers of the basic education department. This project examines the issues related to Online Grading System that implements a web-based application composed of the Grade Sch ool and High School Department. This would create a system of reliable and accurate to compute grades in all different subjects in the Basic Education Department. A comparatively fast access of information of grades; generate reports, and information of the inputs of the teachers.This will be designed through web-based with the use of Myself as database management with the intent to generate reports. It helps the teachers minimize the time consumed in computing grades of the student using manual method. It also focused each of the underlying technologies used to create and implement the application. † (http:// www. Studded. Com/essays/Online-Grading-System-610544. HTML) The said article/ essay that when the instructor using a web-based grading system, the students will have an information regarding on the standing of their grades.And also, the instructor's is not able to use a calculator to compute the grades of each student, because it can be done by the system. So the propon ents' proposed this study to inform both students and parents regarding on the standing of the grades by the student. In a study conducted by the Informatics International Dilemma College (2012) the school stated that: â€Å"One of the fastest growing institutions with new opportunities rising continually in hundreds of different fields.This project examines the issues related to Online Grading System that implements a web-based application composed of the Grade School and High School Department. This would create a system of reliable and accurate to compute grades in all different subjects in the Basic Education Department. A comparatively fast access of information of grades; generate reports, and information of the input of teachers. This will be designed through web-based with the use of Myself as database management with the intent to generate reports. (http://www. Studded. Com/essays/Online-Grading- System-10361 53. HTML) The said article/essay that when the user which is the instructor use the online grading system, they will not be able to use the standard computing which is using a calculator. So that, the proponents' proposed this study to help the user to encode & retrieved the grades of each students in easy way. Synthesis The proponents believe that each and every literature and studies stated in this research is related on their proposed study.The proponents relate and differentiate the research based on the flow of their system analysis from the proposed study. And the proponents' believed that every literature and studies has their own existing system that they are using, even if it's manual or computerized system. The proponents' rely on both systems to improve the proposed study. Chapter Ill Materials and Methods This chapter includes the research design, respondents of study, data gathering lolls, statistical tools, system design and methods use in Developing the software used by the researcher to conduct the study.Research Design The resea rchers choose the Developmental (developing system) of materials and method. This Research design specifically designed to aid in the development of existing system and its interfaces. Respondents This study involves 10 students, 5 Faculty members, 1 Registrar and 1 Dean of CLC College of Japan, because the researchers want to know if the students will agree to the system main goal and aim to benefit for the convenience of the proposed yester.Because those students are in different year level and have different course, and they taking different subjects that are consists of the different grades and instructor that they will not able to know at all if they have problems or not regards to their academic performance. So the researchers will get accurate information about their research. And those instructors know what and how the grading system procedures so that the proponents will understand the flow of the proposed system. The proponents want to learn about how and the limits of the registrar and dean of he school in viewing students and instructors records.Data Gathering Procedure These are the instruments or tools for gathering data in research used as basis for drawing conclusions or making inferences. Some of these tools are based on observation, interview, survey, research and questionnaires used by the proponents as they conduct the proposed study. System Design System Flow Chart System Flowchart it is formalized graphic representation of a program logic sequence, work or manufacturing process, organizing chart, or similar formalized structure.It uses different symbols or shapes that represent the step by step procedure of the system connected by flow lines. Data Flow Diagram A data flow diagram (DVD) is a graphical representation of the â€Å"flow† of data through an information system, modeling its process aspects. Often they are a preliminary step used to create an overview of the system which can later be elaborated. It represents diagram whic h tells the flow of the system from the start until to the last procedure on how the user will use the system proposed by the proponents. Entity-Relationship DiagramAn Entity-Relationship Diagram (RED) is a logical representation of an organization's data. Entities – Major categories of data and are represented by rectangles. Attributes – Characteristics of entities and are listed within entity eclipses. And their Relationships listed and represented by diamonds. Methods used in Developing the Software System Development Life Cycle System Life Cycle is an organizational process of developing and maintaining systems. It helps in establishing a system project plan, because it gives overall list of processes and sub-processes required for developing a system.Chapter IV Results and Discussion Project Description Grading System with SMS Notification is a LANA-Based System. This system is composed of five aspects. 1) Accuracy – this system is accurate every time that the instructor needs to encode the grade of the student it is because this system has the capability to calculate the encoded scores correctly. 2) Time Management – this system is favorable to the instructor who wants to engaged in managing of their time, because this computerized grading system can make their time manageable, because their task will be lessen in computing the grades manually. Usable – this is very useful every time that the instructor need to compute the grade of each student because this system can stored data on the database which is secured and the losses of each data will be lessen compared to the manual computation of grades. 4) Easy to Use – it is understandable to use by the user because of the separation of interfaces of who are logged on in the system, the proponents separates the interface according on the task of the user. 5) Informed – every end of the term the students will receive a notification from this system according t o their status to be able for them to know about the status of their grades.The Grading System with SMS Notification has three interfaces according to the profession of the user. The instructor, has an interface to create, update and view the grades of each student. The Registrar, has an interface to view the grades of each student every end of the semester encoded by the instructor. The Dean, has the interface to view the grades of the student every end of the term. The Grading System with SMS Notification can send information according to the registered phone umber of the student on the system whether it is a personal phone number or the phone number of their guardian.

Events Leading to the Civil War

Events Leading to the Civil War Free Online Research Papers The North and South were very different from one another causing many conflicts between the two. E Because of their difference many events happened that led up to the American Civil War. Four of the major events that occurred leading to the American Civil War were the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the election of Abraham Lincoln, and the creation of the Confederate States. The North and South were two different types of people. The first difference in the two was their overall reasons for coming to the New World. The northern colonies all came for more of a spiritual reason as the South came strictly for the money (ushistory.org, 2010). The North wanted the freedom to practice their religion and raise their families. The South wanted the riches from the land and gain as much money and power they could off the new land. â€Å"Since the northern colonies attracted religious dissenters, they tended to migrate in families. Such family connections were less prevalent in the South† (ushistory.org, 2010). â€Å"While the northern colonies developed into shipping centers for furs, timber, and other natural resources, the south developed into an important center for agriculture, with cotton, rice, indigo, and tea among its most important crops† (Smith Michal , 2009, Para 4). The North would become industrialized and produce goods for their money. The South was agriculture based when they arrived and stayed that way while the North was becoming industrialized. The South grew cash crops such as tobacco, rice, indigo and cotton. The crops were grown on plantation farms where the slaves would work the fields (Martin Kelly, 2010). The south used the slaves to make their profit. The North and South had two different opinions about the slave trade that caused conflict between the two regions. The North felt that it was wrong to enslave humans. The South on the other hand was all for slavery. The South had dependency on their slaves though because the slaves were making them money. â€Å"Following the Mexican War, questions arose as to the future of the territories that were acquired from Mexico† (Swogger M, 1997). Because of the tension between the two regions on the slave issue a compromise was made in efforts to stop the Civil War from happening. That would be the Compromise of 1850. After the Mexican War the South and North argued about whether the state would be free or slaved. The slave trade in the District of Columbia was abolished and a new Fugitive Slave Act was passed. â€Å"Although each side received benefits, the north seemed to gain the most† (ushistory.org, 2010, Para 3). This would infuriate the Southern and conflict would still exist between the North and South states. The South benefited from the Slave Law passed with the Compromise of 1850. The South of course applause the Law but the North would refuse to follow and enforce the law. This would then help led to the Civil War in America between the North and South. â€Å"The Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed by the U.S. Congress on May 30, 1854† (the history place, 1996, Para 1). The act allowed Kansas and Nebraska citizens to choose if they were going to be free or slave states. The Act would be going against the Act of Missouri which had abolished slavery north of latitude 36, 30. The South strongly supported the Act but the north was all against the Kansas-Nebraska Act. This would then cause conflicts and more hate between the North and South. Being a cause to the Civil War of America. When Abraham Lincoln came into office America was just that much closer to the Civil War. He was elected President of the Unites States in the 1860’s. Abraham Lincoln was against slavery and planned to end it. â€Å"He ran on a platform denouncing disunion and calling for an end to slavery in the territories† (Martin K., 2010, Para 6). This would put fear into the South, for the South was still making their profit with using slaves. The North was all for Abraham Lincoln and supported him. â€Å"The results of the election brought the country to Civil War† (Nussbaum Edu. Net, 2009, Para 2). After Lincoln came into office, the South was extremely scared and angry. The south began a protest by forming the Confederate states in the South. This was the last event that would happen causing the Civil War of America. â€Å"On December 20, 1860, South Carolina seceded. By February 1, 1861, six more states Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas had split from the Union† (WGBH, 1998-1999, Para 1). They would become the Confederate States of America. In 1861 the president of the United States Abraham Lincoln came in front of the Confederate States with a proposal to stop to confederacy. Lincoln told them that it was his job as the president of the Unites States to protect the Union of the New World. He also mentioned to the confederate states that he in no way was trying to abolish the Fugitive Slave Law. The Confederate States however felt unsatisfied with what Lincoln had to say. â€Å"April 12 they attacked Fort Sumter, a federal stronghold in Charleston, South Carolina. Federal troops returned the fire. The Civil War had begun† (WGBH, 1998-1999, Para 2). The federal Government made many attempts to stop the Civil War from happening but in the end the war was just determined to have to be. Each attempt that was supposed to stop the conflicts’ and get the North and South on the same page, keep doing the opposite. Each time a compromise or bill was passed either the North or the South was against the Act. The Compromise of the 1850’s stopped the war from happing, but only temporarily. In the end the civil war happened because of such strong differences and beliefs and also the stubbornness of both the North and South regions. Many events occurred before the war that help led America into its Civil War. Four of many event that occurred were the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas- Nebraska Act, President Lincoln becoming president, and the session of the South. All the conflicts between the two had to do with how different they were from one another, starting with the reason why they came to America. Overall the Civil War happened and helped form what we know as America. Martin K. (2010) Abraham Lincoln – 16th President of the United States. About.com: American History. http://americanhistory.about.com/od/abrahamlincoln/p/plincoln.htm Martin K. (2010). Overview of Colonial America 1607- 1754. About.com: American History. http://americanhistory.about.com/od/colonialamerica/a/colamoveview.htm Nussbaum Edu. Net. (2009). The Election of 1860. Mrnussbaum.com. mrnussbaum.com/civil_war/election_of_1860.htm Smith M., (2009). Comparing America’s Northern and Southern Colonies. Inc. yahoo. News network. associatedcontent.com/article/1399860/comparing_americas_northern_and_southern.html Swogger M. (1997). Causes of the Civil War: The Compromise of 1850 and Fugitive Slave laws. Suite101. suite101.com/article.cfm/american_civil_war_retired/4390 The History Place. (1996). The Kansas-Nebraska Act. http://historyplace.com/Lincoln/Kansas.htm ushistory.org. (2010). The Compromise of 1850. US History online textbook. http://ushistory.org/us/3ud.asp ushistory.org. (2010). The New England Colonies. US History online textbook. ushistory.org/us/3.asp ushistory.org. (2010). The Southern Colonies. US History online textbook. ushistroy.org/us/5.asp WGBH Education Foundation. (1998-19990. 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